Audio And Video Has Been Used Since 1850 S - 1925 Words

Audio and video has been used since 1850’s. Over the past years look at the first Star wars to now the last star wars and the difference between them of the quality, have we really came that far in technology? Has dated back to the first phonogram to mp3 players. First invention was from thomas edison by creating the very first phonogram. This paper is over the advancement of audio and video since the beginning to modern day. Last year i was in a class called Career Preparation, in the second semester of the class we had to create a Senior video. At first i wasn t too excited about it because i was a junior and it really didn t pertain to me. As time went by though i slowly started to become fascinated by editing and everything you can†¦show more content†¦This was a huge discovery after the recent discovery of the Phonogram, being able to project the voice louder and farther. This aloud for more records to be made for the phonogram and to record yourself. The first juke box coming out in 1890, setting off a huge boom in the audio industry: â€Å"1890 - The first jukebox was the coin-operated cylinder phonograph with 4 listening tubes that earned over $1000 in its first 6 months of operation starting the previous November 23 in San Francisco s Palais Royal Saloon setting off a boom in popularity for commercial nickel phonographs†(â€Å"Audio Engineering Society,† 2005). This was the very first jukebox to come onto the market. The jukebox has cylinders to read the music and play it through the can spinning on a type of wire to give the right frequency to come out the speakers. There are a few songs to choose from, because the jukebox can only carry up to four to five cylinders. Audio advancing in the 1900’s. Through the really early 1900’s there was improvements on the jukebox cylinders and improvements on the phonograms: â€Å"1912 - Edison introduced celluloid blue Amberol cylinders that played for 4 minutes. When played with a diamond stylus, the new cylinder had low surface noise that resulted in higher acoustic quality than flat discs.†(Audio Engineering Society,† 2005). In 1912 was kind of the ending point of the phonograms because Edison created the top tier quality cylinder to produce the best quality forShow MoreRelatedDistance Education Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesDistance education has changed and grown a lot from external studies and correspondence education during the last century. Distance education has become a recognized phenomenon today, thanks to technology which has shortened the physical distances. DEVELOPMENT OF DISTANCE EDUCATION The evolution of Distance education could be divided in four periods. The first period was from 1850 to 1960, this generation used correspondence classes which used radio and instructional television. 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ED) DATE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. DEDICATION To my beloved parents, Mr. Charles Mukasa Sseriiso, Mrs. Louise Mary Nnabbosa Sseriiso and Mr. Francis Xavier Kitaka whose simple Christian faith has always been my source of inspiration and empowerment. Read MoreEmployee Remuneration13571 Words   |  55 Pageswages are not necessarily economical. In fact they may prove to be too costly to the employer in the long run. E.g. In garment manufacturing company if tailors are not paid properly then it is difficult for the company to retain them. An employer has a moral and social responsibility to pay fair wages to his worker as they are equal partners in the production process. He should give fair wages which will benefit to both the parties. 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Essay about Racism and Slavery Hand in Hand - 1304 Words

The American colonies were established with the idea of freedom and liberty to all. This goal, however, is darkened by a contradictory event: racism. Racism against African Americans (Negroes) in America was a by-product of permanent and inhumane enslavement of the black population. This type slavery was built upon the need for the American colonies to achieve economic prosperity and social stability. The slavery prior to these social and economic problems was equal to that of white slavery. Black and white slaves and indentured servants received the same treatments, given equal punishments and working conditions. Both races were regarded as equally low in status and slavery itself in general carried a term of negative connotation. Free†¦show more content†¦The court later acknowledged that Tony Longo was a citizen who worked hard to maintain a living and then relieved him of his duties. The black population during this period was in all aspects equal to the white people. R acism in this period of time was rarely prevalent in the white community as a whole against the black population. One of the problems that led the colonies to implement permanent and brutal slavery upon the black population was based on economic reasons. In the 1690s, many colonies turned from naval stores and fur trade to the cultivation of rice, sugar, and tobacco. These products required great amounts of land and capital equipment for large scale operations. As a result, there is an immediate search for the cheapest and experienced laborers: African Americans. The immense profits that the landowners gained continued the incentive to work the black slaves as hard as possible. In addition, the King Tobacco Diplomacy also supported that it is the natural interest for the United States to depend on a lifetime of slave labor. The other problem that led to inhumane slavery is because of the need to stabilize society. This problem came into play when there was a great amount of English freedmen who were landless and poor. These English freedmen were the product of indentured servitude that lived out their contracts and became free. ByShow MoreRelatedSlavery and Racism1509 Words   |  7 PagesCivilization Dr. Carlson November 17, 2011 Slavery and Racism: Are They One in the Same? Aphra Behn was an extremely significant and influential English writer in the 1600s. One of her more famous works, Oroonoko, discusses the issues of slavery and racism in the Americas. Many people believe that slavery and racism go hand in hand. In fact, these two ideologies are awfully different. Slavery is the act of forcing humans to be treated property whereas racism is the belief that discrimination basedRead MoreRacism And Slavery : Black Or The Egg, Slavery Or Racism?993 Words   |  4 Pagesthe chicken or the egg, slavery or racism? The question of whether racism is the root of slavery, or if slavery caused racism is an ongoing debate that throughout history historians has been batting to answer, and have yet to come to an agreement. Some people think that people were made slaves because of prejudice toward the color of their skin, therefore, racism caused slavery; others believe that people saw slaves as inferior to them, and therefore slavery caused racism. Jordanâ€℠¢s â€Å"The Mutual CausationRead MoreSlavery and Racism Shown in Huckleberry Finn620 Words   |  3 Pagesvery prominent themes. These themes include racism and slavery, intellectual and moral education, and the hypocrisy of civilized society. The most dominant theme, racism and slavery, is recognized when the main character feels that he is doing the wrong thing in helping a runaway slave. It is also recognized in the passage where the main character talks to a boy who compares a black slave’s worth to two-hundred dollars. Twain used the theme racism and slavery in an attempt to convince southerners toRead MoreThe Effects Of Slavery On A Macro Level1682 Words   |  7 PagesIf we think of Slavery we think of it as an event in our history that degrading blacks, and only blacks. We, at least I don’t think of it as effecting whites, but if we look at the two authors Baldwin and Coats we see slavery and racism can be viewed on a whole different level. Blocking out s tereotypes Coates and Baldwin give us an inside look on what it was actually like like to own or to be a slave. Baldwin, talks about the effects of slavery on a micro level, and talks about how it affectsRead MoreEpitaph and Dreaming Black Boy1021 Words   |  5 Pagesa) Compare the ways in which these two poems deal with the experience of oppression and racism. b) State which of the two poems you find more disturbing, and give reasons to support your answer. c) Identify and comment on TWO poetic devices used in each poem to highlight the workings of oppression or racism. Dreaming Black Boy and Epitaph are two poems which address the issues of oppression and racism. though they both deal with the same problem, it is handled and discussed differently. Read MoreSocio-Historical Impact of ‚Äà ºRacism Is the Result of Slavery‚Äà ¹803 Words   |  4 PagesSocio-Historical impact of â€Å"Racism Is The Result Of Slavery† Human nature wants to cast people who are like oneself as better than people not like oneself. That bias requires very little encouragement when coupled with the tendency towards selective memory. This impairs the normal empathy that generally prevents people from casually harming their fellows. A little push from greed and viola. It ought to be observed that the vast majority of people sold into slavery from sub-Saharan Africa wereRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Django Unchained 1275 Words   |  6 Pagesediting, sound, music and mise-en-scene, this essay will investigate the ideology of Racism in film. OxfordDictionaries.com describes racism as â€Å"Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one’s own race is superior.† When we, the audience think of racism in film, we traditionally think of movies for adults and often overlook the sinister aspect of racism in children’s films. 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Tokyo Moulding Company in Malaysia Free Essays

string(47) " the public especially in the foreign country\." 1. 0 Introduction This is a study about the worldwide expansion activity of a firm in Asian region. The basic motive or aim of this study is to gain extra knowledge on international business management throughout the interview with the decision maker of that particular internationalized firm. We will write a custom essay sample on Tokyo Moulding Company in Malaysia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Basically, all basic information obtained is generally come from the interviewee. Nevertheless, we had some help from the internet as well in conducting this study to enhance all the missing point that we might not consider during the interview. Next, from all information we obtain from any resources, we had done an analysis on this internationalized firm, Tokyo Mould Shd. Bhd. The tools used in the analysis include SWOT analysis, CAGE framework and market entry strategy to conduct a full analysis on all aspect regarding the strength, weakness, opportunity, threat, cultural influences, political issue, geographical issue, economical issue, and entry mode or strategy imply. During analysis by using the tools that mentioned earlier, each tools will explain the issue in detail including the advantages or disadvantages, reason and etc, to ensure reader to have a perfect understanding from all aspect such as strength of company, weakness and etc. All explanation is based on facts and data obtained. Extract from analysis tools, we are able to categorized the priority of this firm in this market or industry, able to identify the problem faced by this firm as well and determine the strategy to overcome the problems or obstacles along the path in international business. Next, we will conduct some recommendation for this particular company by suggesting some ideas which are able to improve company operations and some idea to fix some of the problems that occur to this company. Also, some personal opinion such as agree in some business strategy done by Tokyo Mould is listed in the recommendation part. Finally, we conduct a conclusion from overall data obtain by inserting brief justification base on analysis, suggestion and recommendation to finalize our case study. 2. 0 Company Background Tokyo Mould Shd. Bhd is small and medium enterprise which mainly focus on Moulding business. It is currently located at Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. It is establish since the year 1985 according to our interviewee, Mrs. Lim Siew Lee. Mrs. Lim Siew Lee is one of the present owner of this company. She is the wife of the owner of this company and she had worked in this company for 20 over years with her husband. Her main duty in this company are accounting, managing staff, financing and others documentations work task. Basically, Tokyo Mould Shd. Bhd have clients from oversea including Thailand, Japan and U. K which Japan is the main customer. Japan is the first country Tokyo Mould approach due to the introduction from others business partner. The first deal was made with Japan after the inspection of Tokyo Mould’s product quality by a Japan representative which came to Malaysia to examine not only the product quality but as well as the whole operation environment indeed. Fitting all the requirement of Japan is the main reason of the success of Tokyo Mould to enter the Japan Market. Exporting is the entry mode for Tokyo Mould to internalized the business. The reason for using such entry mode is because this company had experienced failure by forming joint venture with others before. It was 10 years ago from present that this company is actually form a joint venture with LEE HENG Mould Sdn. Bhd. Back then, business was corrupted due to economic crisis and forming joint venture doesn’t seems to have any help in overcome the problems. Instead, it is a burden when problems occur to the joint venture partner according to Mrs. Lim. Also, Tokyo Plastic Mould Shd. Bhd is the previous company name before the business corrupt due to economic crisis. In present, Tokyo Mould is now strive to achieve the best services and create the best product quality and aim to expand business by establish own subsidiaries at foreign region in the future. 3. 0 ANALYSIS (Tools) We have interviewed one of the decision makers of Tokyo Mould Sdn Bhd and discovered issues faced by the company. From there, we did a few analyses to help overcome those issues that the company is encountering. Firstly, we started off with the SWOT analysis. 3. 1 SWOT STRENGTHS- most affordable and reasonable price- using U. S dollar currency for business transaction – experienced (20 years)| WEAKNESSES- brand not famously well-known in the foreign country- manufacture imperfect pattern (loses money)- late payment by the debtor| OPPORTUNITIES- capable for global expansion- growing future revenue| THREATS- competitors (product volatility, competitive prices)- economy crisis| 3. 1. 1 STRENGTHS Tokyo Mould offers the most affordable and reasonable price compared to other companies from the same industry. The price factor enables Tokyo Mould to compete with other competitors in the market. Not only that, this advantage leads to customer preferences to be in the list of choices for company selection. Many business organization’s aim is to ensure that the profit of the product is more than the cost of the manufacture. Plus, every business transaction that Tokyo Mould deals with the international company is using U. S dollar currency. According The Star Online, 1 U. S Dollar is equivalent to RM3. 1590. (The Star Online, Retrieved 4th November 2011 from Exchange Rate) Website: http://biz. thestar. com. y/business/exchange. asp. It is an advantage for Tokyo Mould because by using U. S Dollar, it is easier to standardize its mould cavity and their values. Not forgetting, one of their strengths of Tokyo Mould is their expertise in this business. Tokyo Mould has been running in the market for 20 years now. This clearly shows that they are experienced and professional in their business line. 3. 1. 2 WEAKNESSES Even though Tokyo Mould has been in the market for 20 years but its name is not widely known by the public especially in the foreign country. You read "Tokyo Moulding Company in Malaysia" in category "Essay examples" This is due to the existing company from the same business line. Most probably is because of the poor marketing strategy by Tokyo Mould. They mainly focus on the ongoing process and try to maintain their loyal customers. Another one of their weaknesses is that the defect product caused by the worker. Sometimes during the Moulding process, the outcome of the pattern is not perfect as its design. Therefore, the product cannot be used and been rejected. This cause loses of money to the company. Most difficult part of this business is the late payment by the debtor. Tokyo Mould has to tolerate to the policies and procedure of the debtor. There are companies which apply to the finance policies and procedures of payment after 45 to 180 days depending of the total amount of the product purchased. 3. 1. 3 OPPORTUNITIES By doing this business, it has a great opportunity for Tokyo Mould to expand its business globally. Tokyo Mould’s business has gradually growing and earning profit as the years goes. Many international companies prefer to import products from Asia countries because of lower cost expenditure. Tokyo Mould is capable to fit in the criteria as they have full equipment and labor force to conduct the business. In conjunction with Tokyo Mould’s objective to gain more profit, fame and resources, going global gives a great opportunity for growing future revenue to expand its company globally. 3. 1. 4 THREATS Most threatening factor that Tokyo Mould is facing frequently is the competitor from the same company such as Sony and Broubybrown. Competitors produce more advanced and creative products seasonally. Not forgetting, competitive prices by the competitors. It is difficult for Tokyo Mould to decide on the best price to compete with others. Plus, the condition of the economy is unpredictable. Tokyo Mould has encountered economic crisis in the year 1990. That causes them a down fall but fortunately due to the economy stable come back, they are doing fairly well now. 3. 2 CAGE distance framework. CULTURE- Fulfill promises- Prefer things get done on time- Tokyo Mould priorities customers need| ADMINISTRATIVE- management policy not affected- minimal tax charges| GEOGRAPHICAL- prefect courier services so far- forgivable delay if occurs| ECONOMIC- using U. S dollar currency- economic crisis- loses money due to defect | 3. 2. 1 CULTURE The Japanese customers are quite fussy in making deal. However, it is a good thing for both parties. The Japanese want their products to get done on time and do not give in to any delay and defects of the products. By this culture, the Japanese managed to get their things done in time whereas Tokyo Mould can proceed with other deals. Plus, Tokyo Mould priorities their customer and always try their best to fulfil customer needs. Tokyo Mould is towards allocentric. Tokyo Mould concerned with the interests of others instead of one’s own. 3. 2. 2 ADMINISTRATIVE For administrative issue, it does not affect the international business in terms of company policy as well as political issue or government invention. Basically, company policy do not affect business in overseas as it’s only affect domestic region. Company policy of Tokyo Mould mainly focuses on employee commitment in aspect of work efficiency and personal attitude. All rules are generally similar with every small-medium enterprise as there will not much affect oversees business. As mention, Tokyo Mould chooses exporting as entry mode but not establish subsidiary in foreign region. Therefore, company policy doesn’t affect much is because there is no foreign employee exist which they might not familiar with company policy as each company policy different from another especially in different country. As for political issue or government intervention, it is again because of the entry mode is exporting. There are only a few tax might charge along with transportation fee. Otherwise, there is not much issue occur according to our interviewee. 3. 2. 3 GEOGRAPHICAL For Tokyo Mould, there is not much geographical issue to be concern or causes trouble in business operation according to Mrs. Lim. In fact, she mentioned that she was very please and satisfies with current courier services. The basic exporting method is by using courier services such as FedEx Malaysia. From information obtain, there is seldom mistake happen before till present day. Only some small matter such as delay which is forgivable as it’s mostly causes by unexpected incident such as weather. Generally, geographical issue doesn’t cause much trouble to Tokyo Mould is because Tokyo Mould does not have any subsidiary or forming any joint venture with foreign region. It is believe that only having subsidiary or joint venture with foreign country will cause troubles such as information delay due to high range of geographical area, transportation issue or delay in recovering data when a subsidiary incur a error of system with all information erased. 3. 2. 4 ECONOMIC Basically, Tokyo Mould uses U. S dollar currency for every business transaction. Tokyo Mould does not have problem with that as it they consider it as one of the advantage to earn more. However there is one threatening issue is the economy crisis. They have once experienced it and this situation is barely avoidable. It is part of business risk. 3. 3 STRATEGIES One of Tokyo Mould strategies for global expansion is by exporting. They started off with Japan and then followed by the U. K and Thailand. They use courier express such as DHL. So far their record is good and hardly any complaint is filed against the product and services of the end molding products. Tokyo Mould is more to direct exports where direct marketing and selling to the client is practiced. Tokyo Mould would not consider joint venture at this moment due to history. They have joined venture with LEE HENG Sdn Bhd that focuses on plastic, injection and molding but alas their business failed due to economic crisis. They lose a huge amount of money and forced to shut down the company. It was a crucial time for the Tokyo Mould owner. Currently they are not planning to have subsidiaries in international company because they have insufficient financial aid to set up their company in those respective countries that is dealing with right now. Maybe in the future, Tokyo Mould would consider this strategy once the Penang Company is really stabilized in domestic market. The co-owner, Ms Lim Siew Lee advised us that networking is the key in doing business internationally. This is so because the help of other big company has help SME Company like Tokyo Mould to experienced a chance to deal with international client. Furthermore, we are advised to be humble when doing business and keep our words with the clients. 4. 0 Recommendation (Analysis) After the SWOT and CAGE framework analysis, in my perspective, there are some plans should be implemented by Tokyo Mould Sdn. Bhd. Firstly, Tokyo Mould an be consider is a very successful although this company does not have a very proficient business website, as Mrs. Lim told us, the most of the customers are introduced by others bigger company or business partner. Business website can be said have the potential for reaching a wider audience, regarding this, Tokyo Mould should upgrade their internet site about own company business, With a more proficient internet site, the product or service is accessible easily, the loyal customers or potential customers can 24 hours a day, 7 days a week update the Tokyo Mould latest information. These can convenience communications between Tokyo Mould and its customers in order to build a better business relationship around the world. Besides that, the reputation of the company can be increase, gained competitive advantages and can save a lot of money in communication and administrative cost through creating a quality business website. Secondly, after they start up the business, Tokyo Mould already entered their business in certain overseas countries such as Tokyo, Thailand and also UK, we can see the financial for this company can be consider stable. As Mrs. Lim mention earlier, the prices they offered enable Tokyo Mould to compete with other competitors in the global market and this advantage leads to customers preferences to be in the list of choices for company selection. Hence, Tokyo Mould can expand their business to other foreign country such as Indonesia, China and so on. Since the reason made Tokyo Mould move to international expansion is to gain more profit, fame and resources in the future, the company should take this action in their consideration in order to achieve to goals. Thirdly, from before till present day, Tokyo Mould only used exporting through courier express as their entry mode to enter international market. As Mrs. Lim mention earlier, this is because previously they tried joint venture with other similar company and it doesn’t work so well. In my perspective, Tokyo Mould should try again joint venture with company that located in foreign countries, joint ventures often relate to the whole enterprise and could be the viable option to grow Tokyo Mould business without sacrificing what they have already built instead of a company may have less control when exporting their product into a foreign market. However, although joint venture more control is exerted, but the level of risk is also higher compared with through exporting. Last but not least, since the economic crisis issues if one the problem that Tokyo Mould often worrying, the company should control very well in their finance situation and cash flow in order to faced this kind of problem. As a conclusion, these are the suggestion and recommendation we can provide to Tokyo Mould Company after the interview analysis which is to create a more quality business website, expand business to more foreign country and also try to build joint venture with other foreign or local company. . 0 Conclusion As a conclusion, Tokyo Mould is a quite successful company in Moulding industry. Since the performance of the company keep growing in these few years, the company has the potential to become a bigger company in order to gain more profit, fame, and resources and also qualify to compete with their competitors. However, we discovered that ar e some challenge and obstacles encountered by Mrs. Lim such as economic crisis, Mould dimension defect and also competitors in running the company that are related with boots up the company performance. Besides that, networking is very important for Tokyo Mould as it is the tools to gain more international business regarding to its company performance. As Mrs. Lim mention earlier, networking, humble, keep the words is the key focus in doing business internationally, with the help of the business partner, Tokyo Mould only will have the chance to deal with international client and also expand the business globally. Moreover, every company have their strengths to cover up its company weaknesses, hence, Tokyo Mould must maintain its company strengths to conceal its company weaknesses, also keep seeking for the incoming opportunity to growth up their business and be aware of the uncertainty threats that will affect to their company business. By the way, when Tokyo Mould entered in international business, culture, administrative, geographical and economic issues should always in their mind to ensure no misunderstanding, misleading and miscommunication while making business with overseas clients especially Japan clients. Last, like I mention in recommendation, in order to get a better company performance, the company can create better quality of business website, try to joint venture with other company, and also expand the business to more overseas country. However, there is definitely barriers will incur when wider the business, the company can try to figure out the problem by using suitable strategy in order to overcome such barriers. 6. 0 References 1. (Banking, 2011) Banking, M. (2011). Exchange Rate. Retrieved November 08, 2011, from The Star Online: http://biz. thestar. com. my/business/exchange. sp 2. (Contact :Tokyo Mould Industries, 2002) Contact :Tokyo Mould Industries. (2002, March). Retrieved November 2011, from Tokyo Mould Industries: http://tokyolow. asiaep. com/contact. htm 7. 0 Appendices 7. 1 Verbatim Chris : Good morning madam Mrs.. Lim : Good morning Chris : Can you please introduce yourself? Mrs. Lim : Ok, my name is Lim Siew Lee, I’m one of the owner of this company, Iâ₠¬â„¢m 47. I’m also the wife of the company. Chris : Can you briefly tell us that what is your education background and your working experience in this particular company? Mrs. Lim : Well, my education background is only Form 5, I had worked in this company for 20 over years. My main duty in this company is accounting, managing staff, financing and also some documentation. Chris : Can you briefly tell me your company background? Mrs. Lim : Ok, as you know, my company is Tokyo Mould Shd Bhd. Our company mainly focus on Moulding business. We have clients from overseas like Thailand, Japan and U. K. We had established this company around 20 over years. 10 years back, our company name is Tokyo Plastic Mould Shd Bhd, that time we joint venture with LEE HENG Mould Sdn Bhd, the previously company ainly focus on plastic, injection and Moulding, but during the economic crisis time, we faced some financial problem and forced to shut down the company. After few years, we start up a brand new Mould company which is the current company. Chris : Ok, can you tell me which country is your company first internationalize? Mrs. Lim : Well, Japan is the first company we intern ationalize, because we get to know the first Japanese client from other business partner. After the Japanese client come to observe our product and service, they deal the first Moulding business with us and so on. Chris : So what is the reason had made your company move to first international expansion? Mrs. Lim : Because we want to gain more profit, fame and resources and our company now located at Penang, there are so many competitors existing like Sony, Broubybrown and so on. Chris : Which entry mode did your company use to expand internationally? What I mean is through something like exporting? Joint venture? Subsidiary? Or else? Mrs. Lim : Well, we only use export as our entry mode. This because previously we tried joint venture with other company, but it seem doesn’t work so well. So now we only export our Mould through courier express. Chris : Is there any advantages or disadvantages by using export as your entry mode? Mrs. Lim: For the advantages, can say all of our business transaction currency is using U. S dollar, this is easier to standardize our Mould cavity and their values. For the disadvantages, can say is the duration of receiving payment is longer than the local transaction. Like for example, the duration of receiving payment will normally up to 180 days. Chris : Besides that, to which country your company export too? Mrs. Lim : As I mention earlier, we also export our Mould to Thailand and U. K too. Chris :Ok, when you expand your business globally, what is the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and also threats of your company in foreign market?. Mrs. Lim : Well, for the strengths, I can said that our Mould are more cheap compare with other bigger company. For weaknesses, I can said that our company popularity is not high as other bigger company, so sometime the foreigner not even know our company name. for the opportunities, I think our company might have chance to be like other bigger company someday, since this company business is keep growing. Threats, there are some larger company sometime will lower the market price and this will effect to our selling price as well as our profit. Chris : Is there any cultural or political issue will effect to your business when exporting Mould to foreign market? Mrs. Lim : Ya , sure, like cultural, the Japanese client prefer we can produce Mould to them on time. They might be unhappy if we delay our exporting our Mould to them. For the political issue, not much actually, there is no extra taxes as well. Chris : is there any geographical and economic issues will effect to your business globally? Mrs. Lim : Well, so far no. we very please with the courier express service, there is no any mistakes happen before. For economic, as I mention earlier, the U. S currency is actually give advantages for me to earn more. Chris : Ok, is the any other problems or challenges that might effect to your business globalize? Mrs. Lim : So far as I mention earlier, the competitors might be the big problems that we faced. Economic crisis also is one of the issue that we always worrying, this is because we faced this kind of experience previously and the company forced to shut down eventually. There is also sometime the Mould dimension might defect and cannot be use, so we have to redo the Mould, this will increase our cost and reduce our profit. Chris : Last, do you have any suggestion in doing global business or any extra information which like to share with us? Mrs. Lim : I can said networking is the key in doing business internationally, because the help of other big company, our SME company only will have the chance to deal with international client. Besides, we also must be humble when doing business and keep our words with our client. That’s all. 7. 2 Photo Gallery How to cite Tokyo Moulding Company in Malaysia, Essay examples

Effect Value Versus Historical Cost Report -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Effect Value Versus Historical Cost Report? Answer: Introducation AASB 116 outlines the accounting treatment for property, plant and equipment. For the measurement of fair value of these tangible asset this standards lays down provisions for recognition and measurement of fair value (AASB 116.Property Plant and Equipment, 2016). The initial cost of acquiring the asset and the subsequent cost for repairs and maintenance are included in the cost of the asset for the measurement of fair value. The measurement of any item of plant, property and equipment is done at cost. The cost of an item will be the cash price paid. For the purpose of recognition the entity can use the revaluation model or cost model provided by the standard. As per the cost model the cost of the asset less its accumulated depreciation would be the book value. The revaluation model measures fair value of any asset at a particular date after considering the market participants interest in the property. Relevant Issues: The concept of highest and best use reflects an assumption upon which the fair value of the asset is based. For the purpose of determining most probable selling price it may be appropriate to reflect highest and best use. Determination of highest and best use involves recognizing the motivations of marketing participants. These motivations are based up on expectations of benefits that will accrue to property owner. Application to aged care home When not for profit entities acquire an asset as result of charity, then the cost of the item will be its fair value measured at the date of acquiring the asset (Collings, 2015). The initial recognition is done at fair value. For the Not- For- profit entities it is reasonable to valuate an asset at the cost model, after the initial recognition. The fair value is generally measured by the market evidence undertaken by professional. Two possible uses Thus, two possible uses of any asset will be its current use and the highest and the best use. The psychology assets of old aged home are not put to their best use. If the asset is sold to any market participant, he will use the asset to generate profit. This creates discrepancy in measuring the fair value. Accounting Justification: AASB 136 provides provision relating to impairment of assets. Para 58 to 64 of the specified standard provides specification relating to recognition and measurement of impairment loss on assets. Relevant Issues: Para 104-108 specifies the provision relating to impairment of loss on cash generated unit. Same provision have been applied in present case in order the ascertain capital loss on cash generating unit. The remaining amount of impairment loss will be allocated to plant i.e. ($ 200 -$25 -$20) $155. Thus, the amount at which plant will be recorded in books of accounts will be ($850- $155) i.e. $ 695. Impairment loss of Leisure Total carried value of Time - Recoverable value of Time = Impairment loss =$1002 -$990 =$12 Allocation of impairment loss to specified asset: Goodwill Impairment loss will initially be provided to goodwill till its value becomes zero or till the total amount of impairment loss is adjusted; whichever is lower. Thus out of $12 will be allocated to goodwill and the amount at which goodwill will be recorded in books of accounts will be ($20 -$12) $8. General Journal Entries 31/12/16: Date Account DR CR 31st December 2016 Impairment Loss A/c 200 To Patent A/c 20 To Goodwill A/c 25 To Accumulated depreciation impairment loss- Plant 155 (Recognition of impairment loss relating to time division) 31st December 2016 Impairment Loss A/c 12 To Goodwill A/c 12 (Recognition of impairment loss relating to leisure division) Impairment Test 31/12/17 Impairment loss of Time Total carried value of Time - Recoverable value of Time = Impairment loss (International Accounting Standards Board, 2014) $1322-$1502 As recoverable value is higher than carried value; no impairment loss will be recognized in this year . Impairment loss of Leisure Total carried value of Time - Recoverable value of Time = Impairment loss =$1433 -1520 As recoverable value is higher than carried value; no impairment loss will be recognized in this year. In accordance with provision specified in Para 9 of AASB 136; it is necessary for an entity to ascertain whether the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount at the end of each reporting date . In present case the recoverable value is higher than carried value in case of division time as well as division leisure; thus no impairment loss is present at the year ended on 31.12.2017 Date Account DR CR No journal entry required as no impairment exists in present scenario. Accounting Justification: According to the AAS 138, an intangible asset can be referred to as a non-monetary asset that is capable of being identified without physical existence. There are certain cases where the expenditure incurred for generating future economic benefits for creating intangible asset does not results in the same even if the asset meets the criteria provided by the standard. This can be said in case of internally generated goodwill. According to the provisions of the standards of accounting for goodwill, the internally generated goodwill must not be treated as an asset. This is because it is difficult or impossible to identify the proceedings or transactions which only add to the entitys goodwill. Even if the events are identifiable, their capacity and value of generating future economic benefits cannot be measured reliably. Thus, if the internally generated intangible is goodwill, it will not be recognised as an asset and will either be completely unrecognised or be recognised as an expense . However, if the internally generated asset in other than goodwill, like patents, research and development activity, the accounting is done on the basis of initial recognition rather than subsequent accounting. Thus as per the AAS 138, the entity needs to distinguish between accounting for initial and subsequent stage particularly when the asset is created over a period of time. Relevant Issues: The difference between the two phases in that the research phase involve systematic work for increasing a knowledge and development means the application of the work researched. The initial and subsequent recognition is also done separately for the purpose of creating a difference. Cost model and fair value model can be used to recognize the cost associated with each phase. Accounting for Research Development: For the purpose of indentifying the accounting for intangibles that are developed over an extended period of time, it is important to divide the entire development into the research phase and the development phase (AASB 138.Intangible Assets, 2016). The costs related to research are generally treated as an expense being incurred under current AASB and other requirements. This is because of a majority view that by their very nature the research costs are too inaccessible, to be regarded as costs that give rise to an asset from their eventual possible outcome. The AASB and certain other national standard setting Boards require the costs associated with the development of intangible to be capitalised if it meets the specific criteria. Decision / Conclusion / Reasons and Justification: In order to eliminate the issues arising from the difference between acquiring and developing assets, it is necessary to account for developed asset as per the provisions provided above. Accounting Justification: AASB 119 specifies provision relating to employee benefits. Provision relating to recognition and measurement of defined benefit plan has been specified in Para 56-60 of AASB 119 (AASB 119. Employee Benefit, 2016). Further, Para 66 of the specified standard specifies provision regarding recognition and measurement of present value of defined benefit obligation and current service cost. Relevant Issues: In present case present value of defined benefit valuation has been ascertained in accordance with provision specified in Para 66 of AASB 119. Deficit of Fund $ 2870000 Working note Deficit = Value of defined benefit obligation as on 31-12-16 - Fair value of defined benefit obligation as on 31-12-16 (FIPA et.al. , 2017) = 23000000 -$20130000 =$2870000 Net Defined Benefit Liability $2870000 It has the value equal to deficit. Net Interest Cost of past service Interest Income (Hitz, 2013) = (20000000+2000000 *10%) -(19000000 *10%) = = $2200000-$1900000 = $300000 Reconciliation (Amount In $000) Net defined benefit liability $ Defined benefit obligation $ Plan assets $ Balance 1 January 2016 1000 20000 19000 Past service cost 2000 Revised balance 22000 19000 Interest @ 10% 2200 1900 Current service cost 800 Contributions received by fund 1000 Benefits paid by fund (2100) (2100) Return on plan assets excluding interest recognised * 330 Actuarial loss on remeasurement of DBO 100 Balance 31 December 2016 2870 23000 20130 Working note relating to calculation of return on plan assets excluding interest Particular Amount in $ value of plan assets as on 31-12-16 $2013000 Opening Balance (19000000) Interest Income (1900000) Contribution Received (1000000) Benefit paid 2100000 Return on plan excluding interest $330000 Summary Journal (Amount in $000) Profit or Loss (Debit) Other comprehensive Income Bank Net DBL(A) Balance 1 January 2016 1000 Past service cost 2000 Net interest 300 Service cost 800 Contributions paid to the fund 1000 Gain on plan assets (ex. interest) 330 Actuarial loss on DBO (100) Journal entry 3100 230 1000 1870 Balance 31 December 2016 2870 Journal Entry 31st December 2016 Superannuation Expense A/c $3100000 To Income relating to superannuation A/c $230000 To Bank $1000000 To net superannuation defined benefit plan A/C $1870000 References Collings, S., (2013) Impairment of Assets.Interpretation and Application of UK GAAP: For Accounting Periods Commencing On or After 1 January 2015, Pp.241-259. Dinh, T., Eierle, B., Schultze, W. Steeger, L., (2015). Research and development, uncertainty, and analysts forecasts: The case of IAS 38.Journal of International Financial Management Accounting,26(3). Pp.257-293. FIPA, M.T.G., Stylianou, M.V., Carey, P., Cooper, B., Tanewski, G. Mroczkowski, N., (2017). Accounting of Defined benefit plan. IPA-Deakin SME Research Centre. Hitz, J.M., (2013). Capitalize or expense? Recent evidence on the accounting for intangible assets under IAS 38 by STOXX 200 firms.Zeitschrift fr Internationale Rechnungslegung IRZ,5, Pp.319-324. International Accounting Standards Board, (2014).International accounting standards IAS 36, Impairment of assets, and IAS 38, Intangible assets. IASCF Publications Dept.. Liang, L. and Riedl, E.J., (2013). The effect of fair value versus historical cost reporting model on analyst forecast civil-engineering. The Accounting Review, 89(3), Pp.1151-1177. AASB 116.Property Plant and Equipment. (2016). (PDF). Available through https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB116_07-04_COMPjun09_07-09.pdf. [Accessed on 8th October 2017.] AASB 119. Employee Benefit. (2016). (PDF). Available through https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB119_09-11.pdf. [Accessed on 8th October 2017.] AASB 138.Intangible Assets. (2016). (PDF). Available through https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB138_07-04_COMPjun14_07-14.pdf. [Accessed on 8th October 2017.]