Audio And Video Has Been Used Since 1850 S - 1925 Words

Audio and video has been used since 1850’s. Over the past years look at the first Star wars to now the last star wars and the difference between them of the quality, have we really came that far in technology? Has dated back to the first phonogram to mp3 players. First invention was from thomas edison by creating the very first phonogram. This paper is over the advancement of audio and video since the beginning to modern day. Last year i was in a class called Career Preparation, in the second semester of the class we had to create a Senior video. At first i wasn t too excited about it because i was a junior and it really didn t pertain to me. As time went by though i slowly started to become fascinated by editing and everything you can†¦show more content†¦This was a huge discovery after the recent discovery of the Phonogram, being able to project the voice louder and farther. This aloud for more records to be made for the phonogram and to record yourself. The first juke box coming out in 1890, setting off a huge boom in the audio industry: â€Å"1890 - The first jukebox was the coin-operated cylinder phonograph with 4 listening tubes that earned over $1000 in its first 6 months of operation starting the previous November 23 in San Francisco s Palais Royal Saloon setting off a boom in popularity for commercial nickel phonographs†(â€Å"Audio Engineering Society,† 2005). This was the very first jukebox to come onto the market. The jukebox has cylinders to read the music and play it through the can spinning on a type of wire to give the right frequency to come out the speakers. There are a few songs to choose from, because the jukebox can only carry up to four to five cylinders. Audio advancing in the 1900’s. Through the really early 1900’s there was improvements on the jukebox cylinders and improvements on the phonograms: â€Å"1912 - Edison introduced celluloid blue Amberol cylinders that played for 4 minutes. When played with a diamond stylus, the new cylinder had low surface noise that resulted in higher acoustic quality than flat discs.†(Audio Engineering Society,† 2005). In 1912 was kind of the ending point of the phonograms because Edison created the top tier quality cylinder to produce the best quality forShow MoreRelatedDistance Education Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesDistance education has changed and grown a lot from external studies and correspondence education during the last century. Distance education has become a recognized phenomenon today, thanks to technology which has shortened the physical distances. DEVELOPMENT OF DISTANCE EDUCATION The evolution of Distance education could be divided in four periods. The first period was from 1850 to 1960, this generation used correspondence classes which used radio and instructional television. 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ED) DATE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. DEDICATION To my beloved parents, Mr. Charles Mukasa Sseriiso, Mrs. Louise Mary Nnabbosa Sseriiso and Mr. Francis Xavier Kitaka whose simple Christian faith has always been my source of inspiration and empowerment. Read MoreEmployee Remuneration13571 Words   |  55 Pageswages are not necessarily economical. In fact they may prove to be too costly to the employer in the long run. E.g. In garment manufacturing company if tailors are not paid properly then it is difficult for the company to retain them. An employer has a moral and social responsibility to pay fair wages to his worker as they are equal partners in the production process. He should give fair wages which will benefit to both the parties. 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Essay about Racism and Slavery Hand in Hand - 1304 Words

The American colonies were established with the idea of freedom and liberty to all. This goal, however, is darkened by a contradictory event: racism. Racism against African Americans (Negroes) in America was a by-product of permanent and inhumane enslavement of the black population. This type slavery was built upon the need for the American colonies to achieve economic prosperity and social stability. The slavery prior to these social and economic problems was equal to that of white slavery. Black and white slaves and indentured servants received the same treatments, given equal punishments and working conditions. Both races were regarded as equally low in status and slavery itself in general carried a term of negative connotation. Free†¦show more content†¦The court later acknowledged that Tony Longo was a citizen who worked hard to maintain a living and then relieved him of his duties. The black population during this period was in all aspects equal to the white people. R acism in this period of time was rarely prevalent in the white community as a whole against the black population. One of the problems that led the colonies to implement permanent and brutal slavery upon the black population was based on economic reasons. In the 1690s, many colonies turned from naval stores and fur trade to the cultivation of rice, sugar, and tobacco. These products required great amounts of land and capital equipment for large scale operations. As a result, there is an immediate search for the cheapest and experienced laborers: African Americans. The immense profits that the landowners gained continued the incentive to work the black slaves as hard as possible. In addition, the King Tobacco Diplomacy also supported that it is the natural interest for the United States to depend on a lifetime of slave labor. The other problem that led to inhumane slavery is because of the need to stabilize society. This problem came into play when there was a great amount of English freedmen who were landless and poor. These English freedmen were the product of indentured servitude that lived out their contracts and became free. ByShow MoreRelatedSlavery and Racism1509 Words   |  7 PagesCivilization Dr. Carlson November 17, 2011 Slavery and Racism: Are They One in the Same? Aphra Behn was an extremely significant and influential English writer in the 1600s. One of her more famous works, Oroonoko, discusses the issues of slavery and racism in the Americas. Many people believe that slavery and racism go hand in hand. In fact, these two ideologies are awfully different. Slavery is the act of forcing humans to be treated property whereas racism is the belief that discrimination basedRead MoreRacism And Slavery : Black Or The Egg, Slavery Or Racism?993 Words   |  4 Pagesthe chicken or the egg, slavery or racism? The question of whether racism is the root of slavery, or if slavery caused racism is an ongoing debate that throughout history historians has been batting to answer, and have yet to come to an agreement. Some people think that people were made slaves because of prejudice toward the color of their skin, therefore, racism caused slavery; others believe that people saw slaves as inferior to them, and therefore slavery caused racism. Jordanâ€℠¢s â€Å"The Mutual CausationRead MoreSlavery and Racism Shown in Huckleberry Finn620 Words   |  3 Pagesvery prominent themes. These themes include racism and slavery, intellectual and moral education, and the hypocrisy of civilized society. The most dominant theme, racism and slavery, is recognized when the main character feels that he is doing the wrong thing in helping a runaway slave. It is also recognized in the passage where the main character talks to a boy who compares a black slave’s worth to two-hundred dollars. Twain used the theme racism and slavery in an attempt to convince southerners toRead MoreThe Effects Of Slavery On A Macro Level1682 Words   |  7 PagesIf we think of Slavery we think of it as an event in our history that degrading blacks, and only blacks. We, at least I don’t think of it as effecting whites, but if we look at the two authors Baldwin and Coats we see slavery and racism can be viewed on a whole different level. Blocking out s tereotypes Coates and Baldwin give us an inside look on what it was actually like like to own or to be a slave. Baldwin, talks about the effects of slavery on a micro level, and talks about how it affectsRead MoreEpitaph and Dreaming Black Boy1021 Words   |  5 Pagesa) Compare the ways in which these two poems deal with the experience of oppression and racism. b) State which of the two poems you find more disturbing, and give reasons to support your answer. c) Identify and comment on TWO poetic devices used in each poem to highlight the workings of oppression or racism. Dreaming Black Boy and Epitaph are two poems which address the issues of oppression and racism. though they both deal with the same problem, it is handled and discussed differently. Read MoreSocio-Historical Impact of ‚Äà ºRacism Is the Result of Slavery‚Äà ¹803 Words   |  4 PagesSocio-Historical impact of â€Å"Racism Is The Result Of Slavery† Human nature wants to cast people who are like oneself as better than people not like oneself. That bias requires very little encouragement when coupled with the tendency towards selective memory. This impairs the normal empathy that generally prevents people from casually harming their fellows. A little push from greed and viola. It ought to be observed that the vast majority of people sold into slavery from sub-Saharan Africa wereRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Django Unchained 1275 Words   |  6 Pagesediting, sound, music and mise-en-scene, this essay will investigate the ideology of Racism in film. OxfordDictionaries.com describes racism as â€Å"Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one’s own race is superior.† When we, the audience think of racism in film, we traditionally think of movies for adults and often overlook the sinister aspect of racism in children’s films. 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Tokyo Moulding Company in Malaysia Free Essays

string(47) " the public especially in the foreign country\." 1. 0 Introduction This is a study about the worldwide expansion activity of a firm in Asian region. The basic motive or aim of this study is to gain extra knowledge on international business management throughout the interview with the decision maker of that particular internationalized firm. We will write a custom essay sample on Tokyo Moulding Company in Malaysia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Basically, all basic information obtained is generally come from the interviewee. Nevertheless, we had some help from the internet as well in conducting this study to enhance all the missing point that we might not consider during the interview. Next, from all information we obtain from any resources, we had done an analysis on this internationalized firm, Tokyo Mould Shd. Bhd. The tools used in the analysis include SWOT analysis, CAGE framework and market entry strategy to conduct a full analysis on all aspect regarding the strength, weakness, opportunity, threat, cultural influences, political issue, geographical issue, economical issue, and entry mode or strategy imply. During analysis by using the tools that mentioned earlier, each tools will explain the issue in detail including the advantages or disadvantages, reason and etc, to ensure reader to have a perfect understanding from all aspect such as strength of company, weakness and etc. All explanation is based on facts and data obtained. Extract from analysis tools, we are able to categorized the priority of this firm in this market or industry, able to identify the problem faced by this firm as well and determine the strategy to overcome the problems or obstacles along the path in international business. Next, we will conduct some recommendation for this particular company by suggesting some ideas which are able to improve company operations and some idea to fix some of the problems that occur to this company. Also, some personal opinion such as agree in some business strategy done by Tokyo Mould is listed in the recommendation part. Finally, we conduct a conclusion from overall data obtain by inserting brief justification base on analysis, suggestion and recommendation to finalize our case study. 2. 0 Company Background Tokyo Mould Shd. Bhd is small and medium enterprise which mainly focus on Moulding business. It is currently located at Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. It is establish since the year 1985 according to our interviewee, Mrs. Lim Siew Lee. Mrs. Lim Siew Lee is one of the present owner of this company. She is the wife of the owner of this company and she had worked in this company for 20 over years with her husband. Her main duty in this company are accounting, managing staff, financing and others documentations work task. Basically, Tokyo Mould Shd. Bhd have clients from oversea including Thailand, Japan and U. K which Japan is the main customer. Japan is the first country Tokyo Mould approach due to the introduction from others business partner. The first deal was made with Japan after the inspection of Tokyo Mould’s product quality by a Japan representative which came to Malaysia to examine not only the product quality but as well as the whole operation environment indeed. Fitting all the requirement of Japan is the main reason of the success of Tokyo Mould to enter the Japan Market. Exporting is the entry mode for Tokyo Mould to internalized the business. The reason for using such entry mode is because this company had experienced failure by forming joint venture with others before. It was 10 years ago from present that this company is actually form a joint venture with LEE HENG Mould Sdn. Bhd. Back then, business was corrupted due to economic crisis and forming joint venture doesn’t seems to have any help in overcome the problems. Instead, it is a burden when problems occur to the joint venture partner according to Mrs. Lim. Also, Tokyo Plastic Mould Shd. Bhd is the previous company name before the business corrupt due to economic crisis. In present, Tokyo Mould is now strive to achieve the best services and create the best product quality and aim to expand business by establish own subsidiaries at foreign region in the future. 3. 0 ANALYSIS (Tools) We have interviewed one of the decision makers of Tokyo Mould Sdn Bhd and discovered issues faced by the company. From there, we did a few analyses to help overcome those issues that the company is encountering. Firstly, we started off with the SWOT analysis. 3. 1 SWOT STRENGTHS- most affordable and reasonable price- using U. S dollar currency for business transaction – experienced (20 years)| WEAKNESSES- brand not famously well-known in the foreign country- manufacture imperfect pattern (loses money)- late payment by the debtor| OPPORTUNITIES- capable for global expansion- growing future revenue| THREATS- competitors (product volatility, competitive prices)- economy crisis| 3. 1. 1 STRENGTHS Tokyo Mould offers the most affordable and reasonable price compared to other companies from the same industry. The price factor enables Tokyo Mould to compete with other competitors in the market. Not only that, this advantage leads to customer preferences to be in the list of choices for company selection. Many business organization’s aim is to ensure that the profit of the product is more than the cost of the manufacture. Plus, every business transaction that Tokyo Mould deals with the international company is using U. S dollar currency. According The Star Online, 1 U. S Dollar is equivalent to RM3. 1590. (The Star Online, Retrieved 4th November 2011 from Exchange Rate) Website: http://biz. thestar. com. y/business/exchange. asp. It is an advantage for Tokyo Mould because by using U. S Dollar, it is easier to standardize its mould cavity and their values. Not forgetting, one of their strengths of Tokyo Mould is their expertise in this business. Tokyo Mould has been running in the market for 20 years now. This clearly shows that they are experienced and professional in their business line. 3. 1. 2 WEAKNESSES Even though Tokyo Mould has been in the market for 20 years but its name is not widely known by the public especially in the foreign country. You read "Tokyo Moulding Company in Malaysia" in category "Essay examples" This is due to the existing company from the same business line. Most probably is because of the poor marketing strategy by Tokyo Mould. They mainly focus on the ongoing process and try to maintain their loyal customers. Another one of their weaknesses is that the defect product caused by the worker. Sometimes during the Moulding process, the outcome of the pattern is not perfect as its design. Therefore, the product cannot be used and been rejected. This cause loses of money to the company. Most difficult part of this business is the late payment by the debtor. Tokyo Mould has to tolerate to the policies and procedure of the debtor. There are companies which apply to the finance policies and procedures of payment after 45 to 180 days depending of the total amount of the product purchased. 3. 1. 3 OPPORTUNITIES By doing this business, it has a great opportunity for Tokyo Mould to expand its business globally. Tokyo Mould’s business has gradually growing and earning profit as the years goes. Many international companies prefer to import products from Asia countries because of lower cost expenditure. Tokyo Mould is capable to fit in the criteria as they have full equipment and labor force to conduct the business. In conjunction with Tokyo Mould’s objective to gain more profit, fame and resources, going global gives a great opportunity for growing future revenue to expand its company globally. 3. 1. 4 THREATS Most threatening factor that Tokyo Mould is facing frequently is the competitor from the same company such as Sony and Broubybrown. Competitors produce more advanced and creative products seasonally. Not forgetting, competitive prices by the competitors. It is difficult for Tokyo Mould to decide on the best price to compete with others. Plus, the condition of the economy is unpredictable. Tokyo Mould has encountered economic crisis in the year 1990. That causes them a down fall but fortunately due to the economy stable come back, they are doing fairly well now. 3. 2 CAGE distance framework. CULTURE- Fulfill promises- Prefer things get done on time- Tokyo Mould priorities customers need| ADMINISTRATIVE- management policy not affected- minimal tax charges| GEOGRAPHICAL- prefect courier services so far- forgivable delay if occurs| ECONOMIC- using U. S dollar currency- economic crisis- loses money due to defect | 3. 2. 1 CULTURE The Japanese customers are quite fussy in making deal. However, it is a good thing for both parties. The Japanese want their products to get done on time and do not give in to any delay and defects of the products. By this culture, the Japanese managed to get their things done in time whereas Tokyo Mould can proceed with other deals. Plus, Tokyo Mould priorities their customer and always try their best to fulfil customer needs. Tokyo Mould is towards allocentric. Tokyo Mould concerned with the interests of others instead of one’s own. 3. 2. 2 ADMINISTRATIVE For administrative issue, it does not affect the international business in terms of company policy as well as political issue or government invention. Basically, company policy do not affect business in overseas as it’s only affect domestic region. Company policy of Tokyo Mould mainly focuses on employee commitment in aspect of work efficiency and personal attitude. All rules are generally similar with every small-medium enterprise as there will not much affect oversees business. As mention, Tokyo Mould chooses exporting as entry mode but not establish subsidiary in foreign region. Therefore, company policy doesn’t affect much is because there is no foreign employee exist which they might not familiar with company policy as each company policy different from another especially in different country. As for political issue or government intervention, it is again because of the entry mode is exporting. There are only a few tax might charge along with transportation fee. Otherwise, there is not much issue occur according to our interviewee. 3. 2. 3 GEOGRAPHICAL For Tokyo Mould, there is not much geographical issue to be concern or causes trouble in business operation according to Mrs. Lim. In fact, she mentioned that she was very please and satisfies with current courier services. The basic exporting method is by using courier services such as FedEx Malaysia. From information obtain, there is seldom mistake happen before till present day. Only some small matter such as delay which is forgivable as it’s mostly causes by unexpected incident such as weather. Generally, geographical issue doesn’t cause much trouble to Tokyo Mould is because Tokyo Mould does not have any subsidiary or forming any joint venture with foreign region. It is believe that only having subsidiary or joint venture with foreign country will cause troubles such as information delay due to high range of geographical area, transportation issue or delay in recovering data when a subsidiary incur a error of system with all information erased. 3. 2. 4 ECONOMIC Basically, Tokyo Mould uses U. S dollar currency for every business transaction. Tokyo Mould does not have problem with that as it they consider it as one of the advantage to earn more. However there is one threatening issue is the economy crisis. They have once experienced it and this situation is barely avoidable. It is part of business risk. 3. 3 STRATEGIES One of Tokyo Mould strategies for global expansion is by exporting. They started off with Japan and then followed by the U. K and Thailand. They use courier express such as DHL. So far their record is good and hardly any complaint is filed against the product and services of the end molding products. Tokyo Mould is more to direct exports where direct marketing and selling to the client is practiced. Tokyo Mould would not consider joint venture at this moment due to history. They have joined venture with LEE HENG Sdn Bhd that focuses on plastic, injection and molding but alas their business failed due to economic crisis. They lose a huge amount of money and forced to shut down the company. It was a crucial time for the Tokyo Mould owner. Currently they are not planning to have subsidiaries in international company because they have insufficient financial aid to set up their company in those respective countries that is dealing with right now. Maybe in the future, Tokyo Mould would consider this strategy once the Penang Company is really stabilized in domestic market. The co-owner, Ms Lim Siew Lee advised us that networking is the key in doing business internationally. This is so because the help of other big company has help SME Company like Tokyo Mould to experienced a chance to deal with international client. Furthermore, we are advised to be humble when doing business and keep our words with the clients. 4. 0 Recommendation (Analysis) After the SWOT and CAGE framework analysis, in my perspective, there are some plans should be implemented by Tokyo Mould Sdn. Bhd. Firstly, Tokyo Mould an be consider is a very successful although this company does not have a very proficient business website, as Mrs. Lim told us, the most of the customers are introduced by others bigger company or business partner. Business website can be said have the potential for reaching a wider audience, regarding this, Tokyo Mould should upgrade their internet site about own company business, With a more proficient internet site, the product or service is accessible easily, the loyal customers or potential customers can 24 hours a day, 7 days a week update the Tokyo Mould latest information. These can convenience communications between Tokyo Mould and its customers in order to build a better business relationship around the world. Besides that, the reputation of the company can be increase, gained competitive advantages and can save a lot of money in communication and administrative cost through creating a quality business website. Secondly, after they start up the business, Tokyo Mould already entered their business in certain overseas countries such as Tokyo, Thailand and also UK, we can see the financial for this company can be consider stable. As Mrs. Lim mention earlier, the prices they offered enable Tokyo Mould to compete with other competitors in the global market and this advantage leads to customers preferences to be in the list of choices for company selection. Hence, Tokyo Mould can expand their business to other foreign country such as Indonesia, China and so on. Since the reason made Tokyo Mould move to international expansion is to gain more profit, fame and resources in the future, the company should take this action in their consideration in order to achieve to goals. Thirdly, from before till present day, Tokyo Mould only used exporting through courier express as their entry mode to enter international market. As Mrs. Lim mention earlier, this is because previously they tried joint venture with other similar company and it doesn’t work so well. In my perspective, Tokyo Mould should try again joint venture with company that located in foreign countries, joint ventures often relate to the whole enterprise and could be the viable option to grow Tokyo Mould business without sacrificing what they have already built instead of a company may have less control when exporting their product into a foreign market. However, although joint venture more control is exerted, but the level of risk is also higher compared with through exporting. Last but not least, since the economic crisis issues if one the problem that Tokyo Mould often worrying, the company should control very well in their finance situation and cash flow in order to faced this kind of problem. As a conclusion, these are the suggestion and recommendation we can provide to Tokyo Mould Company after the interview analysis which is to create a more quality business website, expand business to more foreign country and also try to build joint venture with other foreign or local company. . 0 Conclusion As a conclusion, Tokyo Mould is a quite successful company in Moulding industry. Since the performance of the company keep growing in these few years, the company has the potential to become a bigger company in order to gain more profit, fame, and resources and also qualify to compete with their competitors. However, we discovered that ar e some challenge and obstacles encountered by Mrs. Lim such as economic crisis, Mould dimension defect and also competitors in running the company that are related with boots up the company performance. Besides that, networking is very important for Tokyo Mould as it is the tools to gain more international business regarding to its company performance. As Mrs. Lim mention earlier, networking, humble, keep the words is the key focus in doing business internationally, with the help of the business partner, Tokyo Mould only will have the chance to deal with international client and also expand the business globally. Moreover, every company have their strengths to cover up its company weaknesses, hence, Tokyo Mould must maintain its company strengths to conceal its company weaknesses, also keep seeking for the incoming opportunity to growth up their business and be aware of the uncertainty threats that will affect to their company business. By the way, when Tokyo Mould entered in international business, culture, administrative, geographical and economic issues should always in their mind to ensure no misunderstanding, misleading and miscommunication while making business with overseas clients especially Japan clients. Last, like I mention in recommendation, in order to get a better company performance, the company can create better quality of business website, try to joint venture with other company, and also expand the business to more overseas country. However, there is definitely barriers will incur when wider the business, the company can try to figure out the problem by using suitable strategy in order to overcome such barriers. 6. 0 References 1. (Banking, 2011) Banking, M. (2011). Exchange Rate. Retrieved November 08, 2011, from The Star Online: http://biz. thestar. com. my/business/exchange. sp 2. (Contact :Tokyo Mould Industries, 2002) Contact :Tokyo Mould Industries. (2002, March). Retrieved November 2011, from Tokyo Mould Industries: http://tokyolow. asiaep. com/contact. htm 7. 0 Appendices 7. 1 Verbatim Chris : Good morning madam Mrs.. Lim : Good morning Chris : Can you please introduce yourself? Mrs. Lim : Ok, my name is Lim Siew Lee, I’m one of the owner of this company, Iâ₠¬â„¢m 47. I’m also the wife of the company. Chris : Can you briefly tell us that what is your education background and your working experience in this particular company? Mrs. Lim : Well, my education background is only Form 5, I had worked in this company for 20 over years. My main duty in this company is accounting, managing staff, financing and also some documentation. Chris : Can you briefly tell me your company background? Mrs. Lim : Ok, as you know, my company is Tokyo Mould Shd Bhd. Our company mainly focus on Moulding business. We have clients from overseas like Thailand, Japan and U. K. We had established this company around 20 over years. 10 years back, our company name is Tokyo Plastic Mould Shd Bhd, that time we joint venture with LEE HENG Mould Sdn Bhd, the previously company ainly focus on plastic, injection and Moulding, but during the economic crisis time, we faced some financial problem and forced to shut down the company. After few years, we start up a brand new Mould company which is the current company. Chris : Ok, can you tell me which country is your company first internationalize? Mrs. Lim : Well, Japan is the first company we intern ationalize, because we get to know the first Japanese client from other business partner. After the Japanese client come to observe our product and service, they deal the first Moulding business with us and so on. Chris : So what is the reason had made your company move to first international expansion? Mrs. Lim : Because we want to gain more profit, fame and resources and our company now located at Penang, there are so many competitors existing like Sony, Broubybrown and so on. Chris : Which entry mode did your company use to expand internationally? What I mean is through something like exporting? Joint venture? Subsidiary? Or else? Mrs. Lim : Well, we only use export as our entry mode. This because previously we tried joint venture with other company, but it seem doesn’t work so well. So now we only export our Mould through courier express. Chris : Is there any advantages or disadvantages by using export as your entry mode? Mrs. Lim: For the advantages, can say all of our business transaction currency is using U. S dollar, this is easier to standardize our Mould cavity and their values. For the disadvantages, can say is the duration of receiving payment is longer than the local transaction. Like for example, the duration of receiving payment will normally up to 180 days. Chris : Besides that, to which country your company export too? Mrs. Lim : As I mention earlier, we also export our Mould to Thailand and U. K too. Chris :Ok, when you expand your business globally, what is the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and also threats of your company in foreign market?. Mrs. Lim : Well, for the strengths, I can said that our Mould are more cheap compare with other bigger company. For weaknesses, I can said that our company popularity is not high as other bigger company, so sometime the foreigner not even know our company name. for the opportunities, I think our company might have chance to be like other bigger company someday, since this company business is keep growing. Threats, there are some larger company sometime will lower the market price and this will effect to our selling price as well as our profit. Chris : Is there any cultural or political issue will effect to your business when exporting Mould to foreign market? Mrs. Lim : Ya , sure, like cultural, the Japanese client prefer we can produce Mould to them on time. They might be unhappy if we delay our exporting our Mould to them. For the political issue, not much actually, there is no extra taxes as well. Chris : is there any geographical and economic issues will effect to your business globally? Mrs. Lim : Well, so far no. we very please with the courier express service, there is no any mistakes happen before. For economic, as I mention earlier, the U. S currency is actually give advantages for me to earn more. Chris : Ok, is the any other problems or challenges that might effect to your business globalize? Mrs. Lim : So far as I mention earlier, the competitors might be the big problems that we faced. Economic crisis also is one of the issue that we always worrying, this is because we faced this kind of experience previously and the company forced to shut down eventually. There is also sometime the Mould dimension might defect and cannot be use, so we have to redo the Mould, this will increase our cost and reduce our profit. Chris : Last, do you have any suggestion in doing global business or any extra information which like to share with us? Mrs. Lim : I can said networking is the key in doing business internationally, because the help of other big company, our SME company only will have the chance to deal with international client. Besides, we also must be humble when doing business and keep our words with our client. That’s all. 7. 2 Photo Gallery How to cite Tokyo Moulding Company in Malaysia, Essay examples

Effect Value Versus Historical Cost Report -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Effect Value Versus Historical Cost Report? Answer: Introducation AASB 116 outlines the accounting treatment for property, plant and equipment. For the measurement of fair value of these tangible asset this standards lays down provisions for recognition and measurement of fair value (AASB 116.Property Plant and Equipment, 2016). The initial cost of acquiring the asset and the subsequent cost for repairs and maintenance are included in the cost of the asset for the measurement of fair value. The measurement of any item of plant, property and equipment is done at cost. The cost of an item will be the cash price paid. For the purpose of recognition the entity can use the revaluation model or cost model provided by the standard. As per the cost model the cost of the asset less its accumulated depreciation would be the book value. The revaluation model measures fair value of any asset at a particular date after considering the market participants interest in the property. Relevant Issues: The concept of highest and best use reflects an assumption upon which the fair value of the asset is based. For the purpose of determining most probable selling price it may be appropriate to reflect highest and best use. Determination of highest and best use involves recognizing the motivations of marketing participants. These motivations are based up on expectations of benefits that will accrue to property owner. Application to aged care home When not for profit entities acquire an asset as result of charity, then the cost of the item will be its fair value measured at the date of acquiring the asset (Collings, 2015). The initial recognition is done at fair value. For the Not- For- profit entities it is reasonable to valuate an asset at the cost model, after the initial recognition. The fair value is generally measured by the market evidence undertaken by professional. Two possible uses Thus, two possible uses of any asset will be its current use and the highest and the best use. The psychology assets of old aged home are not put to their best use. If the asset is sold to any market participant, he will use the asset to generate profit. This creates discrepancy in measuring the fair value. Accounting Justification: AASB 136 provides provision relating to impairment of assets. Para 58 to 64 of the specified standard provides specification relating to recognition and measurement of impairment loss on assets. Relevant Issues: Para 104-108 specifies the provision relating to impairment of loss on cash generated unit. Same provision have been applied in present case in order the ascertain capital loss on cash generating unit. The remaining amount of impairment loss will be allocated to plant i.e. ($ 200 -$25 -$20) $155. Thus, the amount at which plant will be recorded in books of accounts will be ($850- $155) i.e. $ 695. Impairment loss of Leisure Total carried value of Time - Recoverable value of Time = Impairment loss =$1002 -$990 =$12 Allocation of impairment loss to specified asset: Goodwill Impairment loss will initially be provided to goodwill till its value becomes zero or till the total amount of impairment loss is adjusted; whichever is lower. Thus out of $12 will be allocated to goodwill and the amount at which goodwill will be recorded in books of accounts will be ($20 -$12) $8. General Journal Entries 31/12/16: Date Account DR CR 31st December 2016 Impairment Loss A/c 200 To Patent A/c 20 To Goodwill A/c 25 To Accumulated depreciation impairment loss- Plant 155 (Recognition of impairment loss relating to time division) 31st December 2016 Impairment Loss A/c 12 To Goodwill A/c 12 (Recognition of impairment loss relating to leisure division) Impairment Test 31/12/17 Impairment loss of Time Total carried value of Time - Recoverable value of Time = Impairment loss (International Accounting Standards Board, 2014) $1322-$1502 As recoverable value is higher than carried value; no impairment loss will be recognized in this year . Impairment loss of Leisure Total carried value of Time - Recoverable value of Time = Impairment loss =$1433 -1520 As recoverable value is higher than carried value; no impairment loss will be recognized in this year. In accordance with provision specified in Para 9 of AASB 136; it is necessary for an entity to ascertain whether the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount at the end of each reporting date . In present case the recoverable value is higher than carried value in case of division time as well as division leisure; thus no impairment loss is present at the year ended on 31.12.2017 Date Account DR CR No journal entry required as no impairment exists in present scenario. Accounting Justification: According to the AAS 138, an intangible asset can be referred to as a non-monetary asset that is capable of being identified without physical existence. There are certain cases where the expenditure incurred for generating future economic benefits for creating intangible asset does not results in the same even if the asset meets the criteria provided by the standard. This can be said in case of internally generated goodwill. According to the provisions of the standards of accounting for goodwill, the internally generated goodwill must not be treated as an asset. This is because it is difficult or impossible to identify the proceedings or transactions which only add to the entitys goodwill. Even if the events are identifiable, their capacity and value of generating future economic benefits cannot be measured reliably. Thus, if the internally generated intangible is goodwill, it will not be recognised as an asset and will either be completely unrecognised or be recognised as an expense . However, if the internally generated asset in other than goodwill, like patents, research and development activity, the accounting is done on the basis of initial recognition rather than subsequent accounting. Thus as per the AAS 138, the entity needs to distinguish between accounting for initial and subsequent stage particularly when the asset is created over a period of time. Relevant Issues: The difference between the two phases in that the research phase involve systematic work for increasing a knowledge and development means the application of the work researched. The initial and subsequent recognition is also done separately for the purpose of creating a difference. Cost model and fair value model can be used to recognize the cost associated with each phase. Accounting for Research Development: For the purpose of indentifying the accounting for intangibles that are developed over an extended period of time, it is important to divide the entire development into the research phase and the development phase (AASB 138.Intangible Assets, 2016). The costs related to research are generally treated as an expense being incurred under current AASB and other requirements. This is because of a majority view that by their very nature the research costs are too inaccessible, to be regarded as costs that give rise to an asset from their eventual possible outcome. The AASB and certain other national standard setting Boards require the costs associated with the development of intangible to be capitalised if it meets the specific criteria. Decision / Conclusion / Reasons and Justification: In order to eliminate the issues arising from the difference between acquiring and developing assets, it is necessary to account for developed asset as per the provisions provided above. Accounting Justification: AASB 119 specifies provision relating to employee benefits. Provision relating to recognition and measurement of defined benefit plan has been specified in Para 56-60 of AASB 119 (AASB 119. Employee Benefit, 2016). Further, Para 66 of the specified standard specifies provision regarding recognition and measurement of present value of defined benefit obligation and current service cost. Relevant Issues: In present case present value of defined benefit valuation has been ascertained in accordance with provision specified in Para 66 of AASB 119. Deficit of Fund $ 2870000 Working note Deficit = Value of defined benefit obligation as on 31-12-16 - Fair value of defined benefit obligation as on 31-12-16 (FIPA et.al. , 2017) = 23000000 -$20130000 =$2870000 Net Defined Benefit Liability $2870000 It has the value equal to deficit. Net Interest Cost of past service Interest Income (Hitz, 2013) = (20000000+2000000 *10%) -(19000000 *10%) = = $2200000-$1900000 = $300000 Reconciliation (Amount In $000) Net defined benefit liability $ Defined benefit obligation $ Plan assets $ Balance 1 January 2016 1000 20000 19000 Past service cost 2000 Revised balance 22000 19000 Interest @ 10% 2200 1900 Current service cost 800 Contributions received by fund 1000 Benefits paid by fund (2100) (2100) Return on plan assets excluding interest recognised * 330 Actuarial loss on remeasurement of DBO 100 Balance 31 December 2016 2870 23000 20130 Working note relating to calculation of return on plan assets excluding interest Particular Amount in $ value of plan assets as on 31-12-16 $2013000 Opening Balance (19000000) Interest Income (1900000) Contribution Received (1000000) Benefit paid 2100000 Return on plan excluding interest $330000 Summary Journal (Amount in $000) Profit or Loss (Debit) Other comprehensive Income Bank Net DBL(A) Balance 1 January 2016 1000 Past service cost 2000 Net interest 300 Service cost 800 Contributions paid to the fund 1000 Gain on plan assets (ex. interest) 330 Actuarial loss on DBO (100) Journal entry 3100 230 1000 1870 Balance 31 December 2016 2870 Journal Entry 31st December 2016 Superannuation Expense A/c $3100000 To Income relating to superannuation A/c $230000 To Bank $1000000 To net superannuation defined benefit plan A/C $1870000 References Collings, S., (2013) Impairment of Assets.Interpretation and Application of UK GAAP: For Accounting Periods Commencing On or After 1 January 2015, Pp.241-259. Dinh, T., Eierle, B., Schultze, W. Steeger, L., (2015). Research and development, uncertainty, and analysts forecasts: The case of IAS 38.Journal of International Financial Management Accounting,26(3). Pp.257-293. FIPA, M.T.G., Stylianou, M.V., Carey, P., Cooper, B., Tanewski, G. Mroczkowski, N., (2017). Accounting of Defined benefit plan. IPA-Deakin SME Research Centre. Hitz, J.M., (2013). Capitalize or expense? Recent evidence on the accounting for intangible assets under IAS 38 by STOXX 200 firms.Zeitschrift fr Internationale Rechnungslegung IRZ,5, Pp.319-324. International Accounting Standards Board, (2014).International accounting standards IAS 36, Impairment of assets, and IAS 38, Intangible assets. IASCF Publications Dept.. Liang, L. and Riedl, E.J., (2013). The effect of fair value versus historical cost reporting model on analyst forecast civil-engineering. The Accounting Review, 89(3), Pp.1151-1177. AASB 116.Property Plant and Equipment. (2016). (PDF). Available through https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB116_07-04_COMPjun09_07-09.pdf. [Accessed on 8th October 2017.] AASB 119. Employee Benefit. (2016). (PDF). Available through https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB119_09-11.pdf. [Accessed on 8th October 2017.] AASB 138.Intangible Assets. (2016). (PDF). Available through https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB138_07-04_COMPjun14_07-14.pdf. [Accessed on 8th October 2017.]

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Should Young People Learn History Essay

Should Young People Learn History Essay Should Young People Learn History Essay Example Should Young People Learn History Essay Example Today, history is one of the most widespread and popular subjects for discussion worldwide. There are different approaches both to the essence of history and its teaching methods. For instance, young people have expressed diverse concerns toward the meaning of this subject at school curricula.. There are people who support the idea that children should learn from the past stories facing valuable life lessons. They believe it helps preserve the culture and teach teenagers vital life skills drawing on the examples of their ancestors. Besides, this subject could be really interesting and breathtaking, presented in a playing form by experienced instructors. However, this point of view also has its opponents and counterarguments.   The following paper gives a vivid description of the arguments that affirm the need to let juveniles learn stories of the ancient times. Should Young People Learn from Past Stories Educating children by means of presenting different life lessons learned by their ancestors has always been considered as an issue of vital importance. However, the study of history has become a controversial topic especially among the young people. There are two distinct opinions about the significance of cultivating this particular subject among the children. There are those who believe that history is critical to their ultimate well-being. Consequently, the lessons of history empower children to lead a balanced life in the future. On the contrary, some feel that history is composed of past events that intimidate their progress in contemporary life. Thus, it is critical to have clear perspective on this issue. The following paper discusses the supporting arguments on why young people ought to be taught history. Preservation of Culture A number of reasons prove the significance of history for the younger generation. Understanding one’s Origin Firstly, the analysis of the past is imperative in helping the community to preserve their traditions and beliefs. History could assist children to understand their origin, as well as build the systematic view of the world. Through the learning of the history a person could put together comprehensive world view, as well as find their place in it (Corfield, 2008). The sense of belonging could not be overestimated. In fact, history gives people self-identity that enables them to co-exist peacefully with other members of the society.. When young people gain knowledge on how their communities came into being, they will definitely appreciate their own existence more. Consequently, they will be able to share their vast experience with the future generations, continuing the traditions and the name of the game. Knowledge of Cultural Practices Secondly, when young people study history, they become familiar with the cultural practices of their community. Mc Farland (n.d.) emphasizes that it is only through comprehending the older generation’s way of life that young people could gain insight into their own experience. In other words, it unravels the mystery of mankind’s existence. For instance, there are communities in the developing world that practice circumcision. It used to be a rite of passage that transited a boy into the adulthood. However, currently, male circumcision is carried out as a means of reducing the rate of HIV. Moreover, despite the modernization that characterizes this cohort, some cultural practices are vital in helping people know the pillars that held their forefathers together. Past Challenges Thirdly, historical education is imperative for the young people as it highlights the numerous challenges that the community encountered. It is vital to note that people nowadays have lower level of resilience to problems as compared with their ancestors. Nevertheless, studying their origin modern people could plunge into the atmosphere of hard times that were habitual for their forefathers. Wolfe (2002) elaborates on the wars and conflicts that have cyclic nature and could eventually pass from one epoch to another. Thus, learning history young people are prepared to face possible difficulties with stamina. Sources of Entertainment Heroic Messages Nothing has been found to be more glorious and entertaining as the stories of the past. The young generation is separated from their ancestors with hundreds of years where totally different lifestyle and values were possibly common. Thus, it is a great chance to look into the ancient times and learn the examples of famous personalities. For instance, olden stories narrate the heroic figures that brought immense changes to the society. The South Africans still idolize the sacrifice their great leader had to give in order to attain the independence of the nation. The example of a person who was jailed for twenty seven years in severe conditions nurturing the idea of national pride of the Africans has inspired many a generation. Wolfe (2002) put the special emphasis on the encouragement of the young people with historical heroic figures: â€Å"It exposes the youthful person to the heroic aspect of possessing your thoughts and ideas.† Thus, the history is also important in the con text of the spiritual education of the youth. Comprehension History also enables a person to visualize the experiences of the people from the past. In other words, it acts as a connecting gear of past, present, and future generation. It is significant to note that at every stage of life, an individual face the people who appear to be older that they. Nevertheless, a person is expected to communicate with them despite the huge generation gap. By learning the stories from the past, youth can comprehend how to appropriately interact with older people. Corfield (2008) reaffirms the point noting that every human being is a living history. In essence, our great grandchildren will also desire to learn the way we lived in our time. It will give them an opportunity to appreciate the value of technological progress that changes the world beyond recognition. For instance, while right now passing of information is one minute act, history teaches us how messengers would spend numerous miles on a journey to deliver a message. Therefore, one gets to appreci ate life in its dynamics Captivating Features The stories of the old times are also presented in a simple and clear manner in the course of the history. In fact, contemporary era is full with complexities of different kinds. Consequently, teenagers are bound to find their ancestors’ lifestyle calm and quiet, as well as easy to perceive. However, one must have a positive attitude towards the learning process. Empowering the Youths with Vital Life Skills Enhancement of Thought Life Learning the course of the history has been found to enhance brainwork of an individual. Reese (2013) highlights that children who are exposed to knowledge of the ancient days demonstrate a better understanding of other people’s views. In fact, the skill is imperative in the school life of the child. For instance, it is apparent that some of the lessons that children learn in school are very complex. There are particular subjects that are challenging to most of the children. However, the research indicates that the awareness gained through the history studying sharpens one’s learning skills. Children are able to face the complexities in elementary institutions bravely. Moreover, they can easily join the university without much hindrance. Acquisition of Virtues There are life virtues that an individual acquires in the process. It is essential to bring out that success in life is greatly dependent on habits and characters of an individual. Reese (2013) notes, â€Å"Adolescents with a stronger knowledge of family history have more robust identities, better coping skills, and lower rates of depression and anxiety.† In other words, one gets to know how to manage the frustrations and stressful situation in their lives. Needless to say, the present generation is full of immense challenges that an individual is to accept. Harmonious Community Living Finally, history proves that youth can emulate their forefathers’ example. It is important to note that most of the teenagers are trained toward self-independence. In fact, they do not know how to live harmoniously with the rest of the society. Most of them display rebellious behaviors towards parents who try to correct their behavior. However, Corfield (2008) emphasizes that history gives children an opportunity to understand the broad span of human life. They find out what every member of the society needs in order to live well. From the supportive arguments highlighted, it is clear that young people ought to learn from the stories of the past. Besides preserving the communities, history is a source of entertainment and vital life skills. Consequently, I believe the education system should embrace it at every level. After all, it is strongly desired to have the society that is rich in all its dimensions.

MGM625-0903A-01 Applied Finance for Decision-Making - Phase 1 Essay - 2

MGM625-0903A-01 Applied Finance for Decision-Making - Phase 1 Individual Project 2 - Essay Example difference between the current assets and the current liabilities, in other words, the assets set aside by the company in order to run the day to day operations (Samuels et al, 2000). The working capitals for the three years are computed as follows: The working capital of the firm is sufficiently higher than the current liabilities and it has remained almost steady for the three years, with a slight decrease in 2003. In case Superior Living is planning on entering new projects and investments, it will be essential to increase the current level of working capital. The current ratio of the company is the ratio of the current assets to the current liabilities. It indicates the liquidity position of the firm and its ability to cover the current liabilities with the liquid assets. The quick ratio is computed as the ratio of the ready cash assets (current assets – inventories – prepaid expenses) to the current liabilities. The liquidity ratios for Superior Living are computed as follows: It is evident that the current ratio is around 2 for the three years, indicating the strong liquidity position of the company. It is interesting to note that the inventories form a large portion of the current assets and they cannot be readily liquefied. The quick ratio is around 0.55 which is much lower than the ideal 1:1, indicating that the short term cash needs in case of solvency will not be met (Burks and Wilks, 2007). Hence the company needs to improve the cash assets. The short-term (due within a year) and long-term debts (due in more than one year) of the Superior Living are listed in the table below. The debt to equity or the gearing ratio is computed as the ratio of the long-term debt to the equity (Samuels et al, 2000). The values are tabulated below: The gearing ratio of the company is very low (2% - 3%) over the three years. Though the long-term debt has increased by $400,000 over the three years, the debt to equity ratio has not increased. The company is not

The Role of Corporate Governance Mechanism of Independent Directors Essay

The Role of Corporate Governance Mechanism of Independent Directors - Essay Example The mechanism suggests that the Board of Directors should comprise of an equal numbers of executive and non-executive (independent) directors. Executive directors are responsible for the management of the company’s operations whereas the non-executive directors, which are appointed by the shareholders, are responsible for the supervision of the executive directors’ performance as a whole. Under the framework, the independent directors are responsible for setting up board committees, which govern the performance of the board. These committees include audit committee, remuneration committee and nomination committee. The audit committee supervises the reporting of the financial statements between the management and the shareholders of the company, remuneration committee is responsible for devising remuneration packages for the executive directors of the board after considering their performance and the nomination committee is responsible for nominating directors that can b ecome the part of the board after elected by the board of directors. This whole framework is then observed in the real life examples of various organizations in UK, so as to see how effectively the mechanism has been applied and how well it is performing in achieving the main purpose of the framework. The Role of Corporate Governance Mechanism of Independent Directors According to the Cadbury report (1992), Corporate Governance has been defined as ‘the system by which companies are directed and controlled (P 15, paragraph 2.5).’ The system states that the board of directors is assigned the responsibility of governing the companies on the behalf of the shareholders, whereas the shareholders are in charge of appointing a board of directors along with auditors, so that they can be satisfied that a suitable system of governance is in place. In this paper the mechanism of independent directors, defined by the Corporate Governance, will be discussed to see how this mechanism works for the effective execution of governance. The concept of independent directors was originally acquired from the Anglo-American model of Corporate Governance, where there was a unified structure of board of directors. The main reason behind the concept was to apply checks and controls where there was a separation between ownership and control of the organization (Ali and Gregoriou, 2006). Recent progress in economic theory suggests that the appointed board of directors play a vital part in the effective governance of a corporation. With the authority to hire, fire and compensate the senior management of the company, the board of directors ensures that the problems relating to the conflicts of interest among the shareholders and the management are resolved and controlled. This contributes to economizing the transaction costs (also called the agency costs) that arises as a result of the separation of ownership and control, thus facilitating the existence of an organization as an open corporation (Baysinger and Butler, 1985). The basic agency problems that arise as a consequence of the separation of control and ownership include; managers acting in order to serve their personal interests, non-transparency of financial performance between the managers and the shareholders in ord er to portray a better picture of the company’s performance by keeping the shareholders in the dark and the management’s motivation to focus on short term performance and manipulation of the financial performance in order to secure incentives (Rezaee, 2007). In order to overcome these issues corporate governance defined a framework of board of directors to introduce independent direc

Strategic Plan Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Strategic Plan Report - Research Paper Example ale organizations have strategic plans to guide them towards achieving their short term and long term goals, and the United States of America Department of Veterans Affairs is one of them. The Veterans Affairs department is the second largest, the largest being the Department of Defense. This department currently has an approximate number of 280, 000 employees (Longman, 2012). Founded over eighty years ago, this department has many roles and responsibilities, goals and objectives, all of them are centered towards the well being of USA veterans. This department, being a major one, operates with an approximate budget to the tune of $ 80 billion (Longman, 2012). The VA helps take care of veterans patient care, some basic family needs, compensation for those veterans injured during their line of duty, provision of education needs and provision of manageable home loans. The department also takes care of the veterans’ surgery and rehabilitative needs, funeral and bereavement provisions among others. The department’s short and long term goals demand a strategic plan. In the healthcare sector, the main short term goal is to be able to provide cheap affordable yet quality medication for the veterans. This definitely requires a very appropriate strategy, since the provision of healthcare is very vital to any country and its citizens well being (Panangala, 2011; Peter et al, 2013). The aforementioned operational activities form the short term goals of the department. In addition, it also aims at improving its service delivery, reducing the paper work and making disability claims easier for the veterans. The use of more specialized IT in the healthcare sector is also another goal of the organization (Longman, 2012). The department also has some long term goals, one of them being the goal to reduce and eventually get to zero cases of homelessness among the veterans. The department realizes that some of the veterans who spend their life fighting for their country, both

Quality Assurance Of Teaching Education Essay

Quality Assurance Of Teaching Education Essay The divisions of rules that exist in the university curriculum-making authority are distributed as follows. Curriculum design is done by a team at the program-level in which courses design is in draft form. Then, as a draft of curriculum it should be approved by the department and faculty academic senate before it finally passed by the chancellor as formal curriculum for each program. This arrangement is suitable with the hierarchy of stakeholders of the institution within the university. It defines that the Faculty is organizing stakeholders and or academic activities in specific disciplines and can consist of one program or several program of study. Department is the organization of academic resources for the development of science, education and implementation of academic, professional and or profession, in part or one branch of science, technology, art and culture. The Program is the integrated study plan as guidance and academic education or profession conducted on the basis of a curriculum and aimed so that learners can master the knowledge, skills and attitudes in accordance with curriculum objectives. Based on this definition, the program is the stakeholder which takes main responsibility of curriculum design and evaluation. As will be elaborated below, the process of curriculum development involves many parties in which the program holds main duty that is initial design and determining course structure jointly with the department. Curriculum Design The formulation process of the curriculum at the program level is carried through several steps: (i) define the graduate profile, (ii) define their competences, (iii) map and translate the learning process that needed for achieving these competences in the course design, (iv) arrange the courses in suitable order and reasonable time study, (iv) synchronization of the course design with related programs. This duty is carried by the curriculum design team at the program level in which consist of: Head of the program Group of lecturers who represent each of specialization area Academic staff of the department Historically, the curriculum design has been evoluted following the rule set by directorate of higher education, Ministry of Education. It had involved three curriculums, namely curriculum 2007, curriculum 2009 and the current/undertaking revision: competence-based curriculum. Shortly, current undergoing  changes in  the curriculum  is a shift from  the target  mastery of science  and technology  into  the  emphasis on  the education process  that refers to the  context of culture  and  human  development  in a comprehensive,  global  /  universal. The target now is to produce  graduates who are  cultured  and able to  play a role  in the international world.  This is known  as a  competency-based  curriculum. The curriculum development is started by formulation of descriptive profile of the graduate. Referring to the current rule, as stated in the Chancellor decree No.897/SK/R/UI/2009 in article 2 about the objective of the program, it is stated: To generate economic undergraduate economics courses that have the ability and skills analysis of both micro and macro economics to meet the needs of analysis and research in government institutions, research institutes, banking and capital markets. According to this definition, the graduates are those who should master ability and skill as junior economist. In order to achieve this profile of competence, the entire representative of lecturers of each are/courses was involved to design the appropriate course structure. Internal course area meeting In this meeting each courses area design three important documents: GBPP(Garis-garis Besar Program Pengajaran), SAP(Satuan Acara Perkuliahan) and the syllabus. In the new term GBPP and SAP are recognized as BRP(Buku Rancangan Pengajaran) and BPKM(Buku Pedoman Kerja Mahasiswa). During the last revision this process have been conducted for . (isi tanggal rapat koordinasi internal tiap konsentrasi dan matakuliah wajib). Within the program, the area is a group of specialization in economics area. The following is the lists of area and lecturers responsible for each area. Monetary economics: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx International economics: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx Industrial organization: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx Public economics: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx Human resource and labor economics: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx Environmental and natural resource economics: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx Regional economics: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx Work meeting (Rapat Kerja) In order to create a good coherence and mapping of each course with the graduate profile, jointly work meeting were carried. For the last curriculum revision this meeting conducted on (Raker Bandung). The result of these process is summarized in the following tables. Table 1 Sequence of Courses of Economic Undergraduate Program (EUP) Based on Curriculum 2009 Table 1 Sequence of Courses of Economic Undergraduate Program (EUP) based on KBK The detail of the connection between each courses and competence aimed from each course is in the Appendix. Users Involvement In the curriculum development, jointly with the department, the program  also  involves users as the  important stakeholders. One of the example is during the develpment of 2009 curriculum, a focus group discussion with stakeholders were conducted on December 10, 2008. To accommodate the various type of organization of workplace for graduates, the meeting invited participants from Ministry of Finance and National Planning Agency who represented government institution, NC Sekuritas, Mandiri Sekuritas, Bahana TCW Investment MGT, Danareksa Persero, and PT Pefindo as private instituion representatives, participant from the Bank Indonesia (Central Bank), and LPEM FEUI and LD FEUI as research institution representative. From this session, there were valuable inputs as a based to revised the competence profile in order to be suitable with the users need. For example is the focus on the mastering quantitative software, loyalty, English proficiency and writing skills. As the result, wit hin the compulsory 144 unit of courses now students are required to participate more on the quantitative laboratory session, minimum of 15 unit English-based course, and the academic writing course. Students Involvement In addition, the students  involvement in the course development also considered as important as other stakeholders. Especially, the students are the main party of the curriculum implemetation. For this reason, the program also conducted several meeting with each of students bagde, e.g. meeting December 19, 2011. In this meeting there are some feebacks including the continuous improvement of writing skills which then be accomodated in the KBK curriculum design. The Curriculum Dissemination and Implementation After the curriculum is finalized as formal document of the university, the faculty has been disseminating the curriculum for all stakeholders, mainly it targets students and lecturers. This was done by two handbook: Buku Panduan Akademik and Buku Katalog Mata Ajar. In addition, the program also uses program website to inform lecturer and students about the curriculum. Figure 1 The Website Course and curriculum evaluation The role of UPMA and BPMA Specifically, the university manage teaching and learning process by the role of quality assurance body BPMA(Badan Penjaminan Mutu Akademik) at university level and UPMA(Unit Penjamin Mutu Akademik) at faculty level. Curriculum implementation then will be monitored and audited by these units. The cycle of curriculum monitoring started by formulation of quality standard then followed by monitoring, internal evaluation and finally the development and enhancement of the curriculum. In addition to the role of internal evaluation, the implementation of the curriculum is also influenced by external evaluation such as national accreditation (BAN PT) and AUN itself. Figure 2 Cycle of Curriculum Quality Assurance In Handbook of Quality Standard published by university, within the quality standard, it is stated that the curriculum component should meet the criteria of: mention explicitly the graduates competence, list of learning materials, appropriate grouping of courses, has three main documents of BRP, BPKM and syllabus, and exhibit well connection between courses to meet the required competence as the learning objectives. In addition to this indicator it also should show indicator of the availability of course reference in the library, delivery method, time study allowed and the spread of workload and student evaluation system. The cycle is summarized in the following figure. detail of audit process Once the audit by quality assurance bodies was carried, and at the same time it is the period of curriculum evaluation, the faculty will appoint a team to review and develop new curriculum. Historically we have two consecutive revision, in 2007 and 2009. detail of the 2007 and 2009 revision KPTS/449/D/2006: Prosedur Pengembangan dan Perubahan Kurikulum KPTS/29/D/2008: Pembentukan Panitia Pengembangan Kurikulum FEUI Student evaluation The monitoring from student point of view to academic progress is carried over following processes: EDOM EDOM(Evaluasi Dosen oleh Mahasiswa) is one of the formal intrument to monitor teaching process within university. This system is implemented based on the Chancellor decree number (isi SK rektor tentang EDOM). While the name of the system suggests that the evaluation is mainly on the performance of the lecturers, the evaluation components are not limited to individual lecturers evaluation but also teaching and learning in various aspects. Evaluation aspects in EDOM includes: Course content delivery of course by the lecturer Class management Course assessment Course content: evaluating the availability of course syllabus, information of references, textbooks and other leaning resources, as well as relevance of assignments with the course objectives. Delivery of course by the lecturer: evaluating the delivery methods (including the implementation of active learning methods, discussion methods), relevance of course materials with the syllabus, consistency among lectures within teaching team, encouragement by the lecturer Class management: evaluating the punctuality of sessions, learning atmosphere, the use of supporting facilities, lecturers attitudes towards feedback and support for students with problems. Course assessment: evaluating the relevance of examination and assignment with the course contents, feedback and discussion on the results of assignments and examination. Analysis based on EDOM Pros: ? Cons: it is not completely reflect student opinion rather than obligatory fill in to see their course grade Academic Councelling (Bimbingan akademik) In addition to feedback from EDOM, the program evaluates the curriculum based on the feedback from students during the consultation with the academic supervisor. This is a non-structured feedback from student that ocasionally gives valuable input, epecially related to course assesment and course management. Evidence

Essay on Setting in Poes The Masque (Mask) of the Red Death :: Mask Masque Red Death Essays

Use of Setting in The Masque of the Red Death  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "...In the black chamber the effect of the fire-light that streamed upon the black hangings through the blood-tinted panes was ghastly in the extreme, and produced so wild a look upon the countenances of those who entered, that there were few of the company bold enough to set foot within its precincts at all" (210). This quote serves to demonstrates Edgar Allan Poe's descriptive abilities. In "The Masque of the Red Death" Poe gives much detail about the setting. Poe uses detail about the setting to make the story believable, to add irony to the story, and to create an atmosphere appropriate for the appearance of the "Red Death."    In retrospect, "The Masque of the Red Death" is not a vary believable story. However, Poe's description of the setting presents the reader with such a realistic image of the scene that the reader cannot help but believe the story when first it is first read. The reader is manipulated by the author into believing that the story could actually be true. Poe accomplishes this manipulation by describing the setting in great detail. Seemingly half of the story is setting, rather than actual action. Poe begins with description of the 'Red Death,' proceeds to describe the 'castellated abbey,' and finally the 'imperial suit.' By paying such close attention to detail, the author has created a believable image in the mind of the reader. The creation of such believable aspects of the story is important. Within this believable image, the unbelievable arrival of the masked figure (the "Red Death") gains credibility. Without such believable aspects, the arrival of such a presence would not be credible.    Poe uses setting to create irony in the story. The description of the castellated abbey includes the facts that, "a strong and lofty wall girdled it," and that the gates had been welded shut (209). Both the high wall and the welded gates were intended to keep the Red Death out of the castle, when, ironically, they actually trapped it inside. Poe leaves clues to the reader that this may occur. He includes the statement that the welded gates prevent "egress" as well as "ingress." Furthermore, a girdle is typically used to hold something in, rather than keep something out.

Poverty is one of the worst issues in the United States

Poverty is one of the worst issues in the United States. Despite this, poverty has potential to be fixed. Poverty as Capability Deprivation introduces â€Å"capability deprivation† as a method for lowing poverty and strengthening society. Amartya Sen emphasizes social gender roles and other countries’ prioritization on health, education, and job training. We are told that these are areas where United States lacks focus. In The Capabilities approach and Social Justice By Martha Nussbaum, similar issues are addressed and the text supports the same claims that Sen introduces. Nussbaum, however, goes further. She moves into the areas of social justice, gender justice, and the central human capabilities. She proves that central human capabilities are important traits that we have within ourselves, but fail to strengthen due to the lack of experience, skills, and resources. In the last reading, Swamp Nurse by Katherine Boo, we see an example of a case study that took place in Louisiana. This case study focused on what can be done for the part of the population living in poverty. The article examined programs made to help these people in poverty and enhance their skills so that they can find a job, properly care for their children, and take care of themselves. These programs are centered around steps and lectures on health, education, and social skills. Capability deprivation is a more powerful approach to fighting poverty than focusing on the income of the poor because it creates an independent population rather than a government dependent population. At current, low income people are dependent on the government without earning it. They are forced to rely on the government because they do not have the skills, jobs, or means to provide for their families due to their impoverished situations. If we raise the incomes of the poor we would have more balance in our society. Ideally it would be best to raise the income slightly as well as creating programs to teach the poor new trades and skills because this would open more opportunities for people that are in poverty. Capability deprivation is the key for helping fight poverty because it empowers poor people to motivate themselves to get out of poverty. Sen begins to explain ways to enhance capabilities and how other countries show importance to education and health as he says† Asian economies – first Japan, and then South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore, and later post-reform China and Thailand and other countries in East Asia and southeast Asia- have done remarkably well in spreading the economic opportunities through an adequately supportive social background, including high levels of literacy, numeracy, and basic education; good general health care; completed land reforms; and so on†( Sen 3). Sen states that in the Asia countries they are more focus on providing education and health care for free then providing just and people depending on government help. This is not only in Asia countries but in Latin America countries. Having Cuban roots my family tells me how things are different from the United States and some of the things that the Cuban society focused on. For example my aunt has never paid school tuition and she went to school to be a doctor. She is very proud that she is and can provide for her family. Another big thing is that they do not pay for health care, its free for her and her family. In many Latin Americas this follows as well. Sen believes in capability deprivation and proves facts that this can lower poverty in many societies, Sen states â€Å" Better basic education and health care improve the quality of life directly; they also increase a person’s ability to earn income and be free of income-poverty as well. The more inclusive the reach of basic education and health care, the more likely it is that even the potentially poor would have a better chance of overcoming penury† ( Sen 3). Sen is explaining that we have many different always to improve poverty and isn’t just providing people with financial help from the government but, its providing them with the basic educational skills, health care and social skills. To have a foundation of basic knowledge to help provided for yourself, to find jobs, know how to take care of yourself and family. Making the society dependent on government help is not going to help these people in the long run because they have become so dependent on getting financial support that it makes it hard to become independent. The government should provide for more programs to enhance the human inter capabilities that we already instinctively have. In the Holy Bible there is a passage where John teaches the people how to fish rather than just giving the hungry people dinner. You are teaching a group of people to fend for hemselves, to acquire what they need by means that they have learned. In giving the poor skills to raise their income, or the ability to do so, you are eradicating poverty. You are not treating it like a chronic disease you are curing it. By the government providing necessary services that accentuate people’s natural abilities capabilities, they are creating a society that tries to help itself rather than relying on just funding. That goes next to what Nussbaum discusses about the central human capabilities that we have. These categories are: life, bodily health, bodily integrity, senses, imagination, thought, emotions, practical reason, play, control over one’s environment and affiliation. Each of these categories has its own meaning and is a natural aspect of our lives that we understand innately. Nussbaum specifies that not everyone reaches these capabilities. Out of the ten capabilities, the three most important are: â€Å"control over one’s environment†, â€Å"bodily health† and â€Å"sense and imagination. The environment includes one’s political view, being able to participate effectively in political choices that govern one’s life having the right of political participation and protections of free speech association. Bodily health includes staying healthy and taking care of one’s body. This also includes being adequately nourished and having adequate shelter. Lastly, sense, imagination and thought exist as senses we use. To imagine, think and reason and to do these things in a â€Å"truly human† way, a way informed and cultivated by an adequate education, including basic mathematical and scientific training are all part of this category. This also includes using imagination and thought though experiencing and producing works and events. Why does Nussbaum think these human capabilities are important? She states â€Å"Central human capabilities as a focus both for comparative quality of life, basic political principles of the sort that can play a role in fundamental constitutional guarantees. These ten capabilities are supposed to be general goals that can be further specified by society. In some form, all are part of a minimum account of social justice: a society that does not guarantee these to all its citizens, at some appropriate threshold level, falls short of being a fully just society, whatever its level of opulence† ( Nussbaum 5). This statement demonstrates that it is not only important to further education, but Sen and Nussbaum are also implying it’s often the most basic aspects of life that are forgotten. Certain programs would help to enhance people’s lives and help them become independent. Nussbaum says that you have to be dependent before becoming independent.

4 Steps to Figure Out What Any ACT Math Question Is Asking

4 Steps to Figure Out What Any ACT Math Question Is Asking SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips ACT Math questions can be confusing. Many leave readers wondering what's being asked and where to start. That's why it's such a good idea to have a reliable method for dissecting these questions in your back pocket. That way, whenever you sit down to a confusing ACT Math problem, you know where to turn. In this artcile, I outlinefour fool-proof steps to clearing up what a question is asking, as well as offering a few other tips for attacking ACT Math. 4Steps to Understanding ACT MathQuestions The point of these steps is to discover what the question is really getting at. Often, some of the multiple-choice answers you're offered are the right answers to the wrong questions, and you don't want to be duped into selecting one of these red herrings. Instead of panicking over how confusing it all is, stay calm and start with this method. 1. Read the Problem Just read, and see where you stand as far as sizing up the situation. Take a look at this question: Now, it may look intimidating, but it's pretty clear what the actual question is: what is $c$? From there, we can plug in what we know ($f = 450$ and $d = 10$),and we get: $450 = c(10)^3 = 1000c$ Divide to isolate the variable, and $c = 0.45$ Yes! We figured it out! Alright, that was actually fairly straightforward. How about this one? There's more going on in this question. An initial read does, though, reveal a couple ofthings: This question will require further attention. We're talking about functions on a graph. At least we know basically what we're dealing with as we proceed to the next step. 2. Find the Given Information This includes question and command terms. Now, not all questions will be technicalquestions; some will contain command terms, likefind,state, oridentify. Pick outwhatever it is that tells you what's being looked for. In the above problem, I see the wordwhich: "Which... describes a true relationship...?" Basically, this question is just asking which of the following statements is true! Also identify any given information, including stated quantities such as dimensions or simple numbers. This includes units- it's not much good to know there are 15 unless you know 15 ofwhat. Also look at any other labels that give you information about the quantities in question. In the question above, I see $f(x) = (x - 3)^2 + 2$ and $g(x) = 1/2x + 1$. No units, but that's okay; we're working withfunctions on a graph in a purely abstract sense- not quantities in the real world. If there's any extraneous information, you can eliminate it this point. For example, take a look at this problem: Look at the question: "When $a$ is multiplied by 2, what is the effect on $p$?" To answer the question, do we really need to know what the formula represents (a short-term loan)- or what any of the variables mean? Not really! So, we can eliminate everything but the formula itself and the last sentence. From there, we can see that we could rewrite the formula as $p = a({1/2ry+1}/{12y})$. Getting back to the original question, multiplying $a$ by 2 results in multiplying the whole right-hand side of the equation by 2, as follows: $2a({1/2ry+1}/{12y})$. What you do to the right side you must do the left, so $p$ is also multiplied by 2 at this point, making the answer D. It's sort of like finding clues- you're a math detective! 3. Look to the Answer Choices What differs from option to option? Whatever's changing is what the question must be testing. If you're still not sure what the question is, look at the answer choices and ask yourself what question they could answer. Units are hugely helpful in this: "25 miles" will not answer how many more cookies Sam has than Lucy, but it might answer how far Sam's house is from Lucy's. In the question about the two functions on the graph, we're looking for a true statement among answer choices, so of course we have to examine those answer choices to see what we're working with. Answer choice (F) is true, and none of the others are, so that settles that: The graphs touch at two points. The one is sometimes lower, sometimes higher than the other. The graphs are very different; they do not look like direct inverses of each other. Sometimes, the answer won't fall into place just yet. In that case, continue on to the next step. 4. Rephrase the Question to Make Sense For instance, we could say for the graphing question, "Which statement is true about this graph?" You've dissected a lot about this problem; now, put it all back together.At this point, you can pretty much ignore the original, convoluted wording (keep it around for reference just in case)- stick to what you've boiled it down to. Now, go forth and solve! You're on a quest to conquer the mathematical dragon of the ACT! Other Tips for Working with ACT Math Problems Here are a few pointers to working with all ACT Math problems, including those that are hard to parse. Recognize Information Stated Different Ways There are a lot of ways to say the same thing: the ability to recognize the same info in different forms is key. For instance, be very handy with mathematical vocabulary and the symbolic/numeric representations that are often used. When you see $y = f(x)$ on a graph, it means essentially the same as, "The graph of $f(x)$ is shown on the xy-coordinate plane above." Merewording can also contribute to difficulty in understanding a problem, so keep track of unnecessarily florid terminology as you go; note where a problemsays "increases" instead of "grows", etc. Take Things One Step at a Time You don't need to see all the way to the end result when you're beginninga problem; just take the next available step and see where it leads. The great thing about deductive disciplines such as math is that they proceed relatively linearly; one piece of information allows you to advance to the next until you get to the end. If you're in a factored form, expand; if you're in the expanded form, factor. Do whatever's available to you, and see what you glean. Work Backwards If You're Not Sure Where to Go Next This is a multiple-choice test: plug answers in and try them out. Start with any answer you like and treat it as the answer. Stick it into the problem and see if it works out. If it does, great! If it doesn't, go ahead and try it with another answer choice. Your options for a correct answer are limited; take advantage of this fact and apply process of elimination. Ferret Outthe Information You've Been Given There isalwaysenough information to answer the question. Unless there's an answer choice that specifically says, "Not enough information is given," you can find a concrete answer to what's being asked. You may need to use information to find other information that you then use to solve- the path is not always perfectly direct, but there's always a path. If there's one piece of information that you really need to solve and the test doesn't give it to you, there must be a way of figuring it out. The information has to be here somewhere! "If" Is Not an Option Ifdoes not indicatea mere possibility. When the ACT says, "If Bob invests $500 in his bank account...", the ACT means, "Bob invests $500 in his bank account, end of story." For the purposes of a math problemif indicates something that's known to be true. Don't let that throw you off- when you seeif, you can trust that information: no need to doubt it. Notice the "Notes" "Note" means you should pay attention. Some problems will give you a note about a formula or conversion factor that you'll need to use. Don't ignore it- it's a freebie. It's easy to skim over the note at the end, but that would be a mistake. It's definitely true that there's always enough information to answer the question, but you do have to search for it and not skip over what you're given. Start Somewhere Get your pencil moving. The main thing is to start a problem and get over that initial momentum hurdle. Once you're working, it's a lot easier to keep going than it was to get started. Try something. Make a note. Plug in a number. Just get started with something, follow the tips outlined above, and don't let a problem stop you in your tracks. At least toy with a questionbefore you jump to guessing. Conclusion When you're working with a confusing math problem, stay calm and come back to the information you've been given. Read the problem, identify the given information, look to theanswerchoices, and rephrase the question. Also, keep the big picture in mind: there's a whole section's worth of math problems to be solved. That means there are many more opportunities toshine; it's OK to skip a problem and come back to it later- or even guess. Unless you're confidently aiming for a perfect 36, no one question is going to make or break it all. Do your best, but don't beat yourself up if your best isn't perfect; master what you can as you progress. Respect your own journey. What's Next? Getting stuck happens. Accept that it's going to happen to you, and read about how you can work with that experience. Practice with some really tough problems; that way, you'll be prepared for the worst of it on actual test day. You might also want to spend some time thinking about word problems, as these are often some of the trickiest to work though in terms of figuring out what's being asked. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial: